snq

Egyptian

Etymology

Prefixed with s-. The root is sometimes hypothesized to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *nuuk. Compare Akkadian 𒂊𒉈𒆪 (enēqu, “to suck”) and Hebrew יָנַק (“to suck”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ → /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ → /ˈsaːnəqʼ/ → /ˈsoːnəqʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnəqʼ/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsoːnəqʼ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛnɛk/
  • Conventional anglicization: seneq

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to suckle [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of snq (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: snq

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural snqt, snq snqw, snq snqt snq snq ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 snq ḥr snq m snq r snq suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect snq.n snqw, snq consecutive snq.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative snqt perfective3 snq active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 snq.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective snq active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 snqw, snq, snqy snqw, snq, snqy potentialis1 snq.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive snq active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect snq.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective snq active + .tj1, .tw2 snq snq, snqw5, snqy5 imperfective snq, snqy, snqw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 snq, snqj6, snqy6 snq, snqw5 prospective snq, snqtj7 — snqwtj1 4, snqtj4, snqt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲛⲕ (sōnk)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 290.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 174