snq

Egyptian

Etymology

Prefixed with s-. The root is sometimes hypothesized to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *nuuk. Compare Akkadian 𒂊𒉈𒆪 (enēqu, “to suck”) and Hebrew יָנַק (“to suck”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ → /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ → /ˈsaːnəqʼ/ → /ˈsoːnəqʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnaqʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːnəqʼ/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsoːnəqʼ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛnɛk/
  • Conventional anglicization: seneq

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to suckle [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of snq (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: snq

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
snqt, snq	snqw, snq	snqt	snq	snq

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
snq	ḥr snq	m snq	r snq

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	snq.n	snqw, snq	consecutive	snq.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	snqt
perfective3	snq	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	snq.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	snq	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	snqw, snq, snqy	snqw, snq, snqy	potentialis1	snq.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	snq	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	snq.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	snq	active + .tj1, .tw2	snq	snq, snqw5, snqy5
imperfective	snq, snqy, snqw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	snq, snqj6, snqy6	snq, snqw5
prospective	snq, snqtj7	—	snqwtj1 4, snqtj4, snqt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲛⲕ (sōnk)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 290.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 174