s- ( causative prefix ) + nfr ( “ to be pleasing or beautiful ” ) .
caus. 3-lit.
( transitive ) to beautify , to embellish
( transitive ) to improve or complete
Conjugation of snfr (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: snfr
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
snfr
snfrw , snfr
snfrt
snfr
snfr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
snfr
ḥr snfr
m snfr
r snfr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
snfr.n
snfrw , snfr
consecutive
snfr.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
snfrt
perfective 3
snfr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
snfr.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
snfr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
snfrw , snfr , snfry
snfrw , snfr , snfry
potentialis1
snfr.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
snfr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
snfr.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
snfr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
snfr
snfr , snfrw 5 , snfry 5
imperfective
snfr , snfry , snfrw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
snfr , snfrj 6 , snfry 6
snfr , snfrw 5
prospective
snfr , snfrtj 7
—
snfrwtj 1 4 , snfrtj 4 , snfrt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snfr
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1930 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 163.1–163.13
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 232