snḏ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /siˈnicʼ/ → /siˈnitʼ/ → /səˈnetʼ/ → /səˈnetʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /siˈnicʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /siˈnitʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈnetʼ/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈnetʼ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛnɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: senedj

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) afraid (+ n, ḥr, r, or m: of; to fear)
2. (intransitive, with n) to respect, to revere; to hold in respect, awe, or reverence
3. (transitive) to be afraid (to do something)

Inflection

Conjugation of snḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: snḏ, geminated stem: snḏḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural snḏ snḏw, snḏ snḏt snḏ snḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 snḏ ḥr snḏ m snḏ r snḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect snḏ.n snḏw, snḏ consecutive snḏ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative snḏt perfective3 snḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 snḏ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective snḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 snḏ snḏḏ potentialis1 snḏ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive snḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect snḏ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective snḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 snḏ snḏ, snḏw5, snḏy5 imperfective snḏ, snḏy, snḏw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 snḏ, snḏj6, snḏy6 snḏ, snḏw5 prospective snḏ, snḏtj7 — snḏtj4, snḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲛⲁⲧ (snat)

Noun

 m

1. Alternative form of snḏw (“fear”)

Inflection

Declension of snḏ (masculine)

singular	snḏ
dual	snḏwj
plural	snḏw

References

• “snḏ (lemma ID 138730)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 182.2–183.3
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 171, 276, 359.