smꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛmɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sema

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to slaughter, to kill, to slay

Inflection

Conjugation of smꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: smꜣ, geminated stem: smꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural smꜣ smꜣw, smꜣ smꜣt smꜣ smꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 smꜣ ḥr smꜣ m smꜣ r smꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect smꜣ.n smꜣw, smꜣ consecutive smꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative smꜣt perfective3 smꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 smꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective smꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 smꜣ smꜣꜣ potentialis1 smꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive smꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect smꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective smꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 smꜣ smꜣ, smꜣw5, smꜣy5 imperfective smꜣ, smꜣy, smꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 smꜣ, smꜣj6, smꜣy6 smꜣ, smꜣw5 prospective smꜣ, smꜣtj7 — smꜣtj4, smꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of smꜣ  

smꜣw	smꜣ
From after the ꜣ became silent; the second m is thus actually a phonetic complement of the first mꜣ

Noun

 m

1. wild bull

Inflection

Declension of smꜣ (masculine)

singular	smꜣ
dual	smꜣwj
plural	smꜣw

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 169, 186, 213.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 96