skꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛkɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: seka

Noun

 m

1. ox for plowing

Inflection

Declension of skꜣ (masculine)

singular	skꜣ
dual	skꜣwj
plural	skꜣw

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to plow
   • Early 6th Dynasty, Tomb of Nyankhnesut, Relief of Agricultural Scenes (Cleveland 1930.736), upper register, caption above plowman:

     skꜣ wꜣḥ hb

     Plowing. “Press the plow!”

Inflection

Conjugation of skꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: skꜣ, geminated stem: skꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural skꜣ skꜣw, skꜣ skꜣt skꜣ skꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 skꜣ ḥr skꜣ m skꜣ r skꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect skꜣ.n skꜣw, skꜣ consecutive skꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative skꜣt perfective3 skꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 skꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective skꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 skꜣ skꜣꜣ potentialis1 skꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive skꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect skꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective skꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 skꜣ skꜣ, skꜣw5, skꜣy5 imperfective skꜣ, skꜣy, skꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 skꜣ, skꜣj6, skꜣy6 skꜣ, skꜣw5 prospective skꜣ, skꜣtj7 — skꜣtj4, skꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲕⲉⲓ (skei)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲭⲁⲓ (skhai)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲕⲁⲓ (skai)

Proper noun

 m

1. A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Predynastic Egyptian king Hsekiu

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 346.
• Baker, D. D. (2008) The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I — Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, p. 360