sjꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːjaʀ/ → /ˈsaːjaʀ/ → /ˈsaːʔə/ → /soːʔ/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːjaʀ/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːjaʀ/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsaːʔə/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /soːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /siɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sia

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to perceive, to recognize

Inflection

Conjugation of sjꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sjꜣ, geminated stem: sjꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sjꜣ sjꜣw, sjꜣ sjꜣt sjꜣ sjꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sjꜣ ḥr sjꜣ m sjꜣ r sjꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sjꜣ.n sjꜣw, sjꜣ consecutive sjꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sjꜣt perfective3 sjꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sjꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sjꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sjꜣ sjꜣꜣ potentialis1 sjꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sjꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sjꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sjꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 sjꜣ sjꜣ, sjꜣw5, sjꜣy5 imperfective sjꜣ, sjꜣy, sjꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sjꜣ, sjꜣj6, sjꜣy6 sjꜣ, sjꜣw5 prospective sjꜣ, sjꜣtj7 — sjꜣtj4, sjꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• msjꜣt

Noun

 m

1. perception, particularly the ability to see what must be done
2. (medicine) prognostication, ability to determine the prognosis

Proper noun

 m

1. the god Sia, personification of perception

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 161, 230.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163