sidérer

French

Etymology

From Latin sideratus, from siderari, from sideris, sidus (“star”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si.de.ʁe/
Audio: (file)
Audio (Canada): (file)

Verb

sidérer

to dumbfound, flummox
to consternate

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written sidérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written sidèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of sidérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	sidérer
present participle or gerund¹	simple	sidérant /si.de.ʁɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		sidéré /si.de.ʁe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	sidère /si.dɛʁ/	sidères /si.dɛʁ/	sidère /si.dɛʁ/	sidérons /si.de.ʁɔ̃/	sidérez /si.de.ʁe/	sidèrent /si.dɛʁ/
	imperfect	sidérais /si.de.ʁɛ/	sidérais /si.de.ʁɛ/	sidérait /si.de.ʁɛ/	sidérions /si.de.ʁjɔ̃/	sidériez /si.de.ʁje/	sidéraient /si.de.ʁɛ/
	past historic²	sidérai /si.de.ʁe/	sidéras /si.de.ʁa/	sidéra /si.de.ʁa/	sidérâmes /si.de.ʁam/	sidérâtes /si.de.ʁat/	sidérèrent /si.de.ʁɛʁ/
	future	sidèrerai or sidérerai /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁe/	sidèreras or sidéreras /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁa/	sidèrera or sidérera /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁa/	sidèrerons or sidérerons /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/	sidèrerez or sidérerez /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁe/	sidèreront or sidéreront /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	sidèrerais or sidérerais /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁɛ/	sidèrerais or sidérerais /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁɛ/	sidèrerait or sidérerait /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁɛ/	sidèrerions or sidérerions /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/	sidèreriez or sidéreriez /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁje/	sidèreraient or sidéreraient /si.dɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /si.de.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	sidère /si.dɛʁ/	sidères /si.dɛʁ/	sidère /si.dɛʁ/	sidérions /si.de.ʁjɔ̃/	sidériez /si.de.ʁje/	sidèrent /si.dɛʁ/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	sidérasse /si.de.ʁas/	sidérasses /si.de.ʁas/	sidérât /si.de.ʁa/	sidérassions /si.de.ʁa.sjɔ̃/	sidérassiez /si.de.ʁa.sje/	sidérassent /si.de.ʁas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	sidère /si.dɛʁ/	—	sidérons /si.de.ʁɔ̃/	sidérez /si.de.ʁe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).