shaqa

Zulu

Etymology

Ideophone.

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /ˈʃaǃa/

Ideophone

shaqa

1. of amazement, astonishment
2. of clearing in one sweep
3. of contracting, shrinking together
4. of being stringent, acrid, sour

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /ʃaːǃa/

Verb

-shaqa

1. to amaze, astonish, shock
2. to clear in one sweep
3. to contract, shrink together
4. to be acrid, sour, pungent

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukushaqa
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukushaqa	ukungashaqi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	shaqa	-shaqe
Plural	shaqani	-shaqeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyashaqa, ngishaqa	engishaqayo, engishaqa	ngishaqa	angishaqi	engingashaqi	ngingashaqi
2nd singular	uyashaqa, ushaqa	oshaqayo, oshaqa	ushaqa	awushaqi	ongashaqi	ungashaqi
1st plural	siyashaqa, sishaqa	esishaqayo, esishaqa	sishaqa	asishaqi	esingashaqi	singashaqi
2nd plural	niyashaqa, nishaqa	enishaqayo, enishaqa	nishaqa	anishaqi	eningashaqi	ningashaqi
Class 1	uyashaqa, ushaqa	oshaqayo, oshaqa	eshaqa	akashaqi	ongashaqi	engashaqi
Class 2	bayashaqa, bashaqa	abashaqayo, abashaqa	beshaqa	abashaqi	abangashaqi	bengashaqi
Class 3	uyashaqa, ushaqa	oshaqayo, oshaqa	ushaqa	awushaqi	ongashaqi	ungashaqi
Class 4	iyashaqa, ishaqa	eshaqayo, eshaqa	ishaqa	ayishaqi	engashaqi	ingashaqi
Class 5	liyashaqa, lishaqa	elishaqayo, elishaqa	lishaqa	alishaqi	elingashaqi	lingashaqi
Class 6	ayashaqa, ashaqa	ashaqayo, ashaqa	eshaqa	awashaqi	angashaqi	engashaqi
Class 7	siyashaqa, sishaqa	esishaqayo, esishaqa	sishaqa	asishaqi	esingashaqi	singashaqi
Class 8	ziyashaqa, zishaqa	ezishaqayo, ezishaqa	zishaqa	azishaqi	ezingashaqi	zingashaqi
Class 9	iyashaqa, ishaqa	eshaqayo, eshaqa	ishaqa	ayishaqi	engashaqi	ingashaqi
Class 10	ziyashaqa, zishaqa	ezishaqayo, ezishaqa	zishaqa	azishaqi	ezingashaqi	zingashaqi
Class 11	luyashaqa, lushaqa	olushaqayo, olushaqa	lushaqa	alushaqi	olungashaqi	lungashaqi
Class 14	buyashaqa, bushaqa	obushaqayo, obushaqa	bushaqa	abushaqi	obungashaqi	bungashaqi
Class 15	kuyashaqa, kushaqa	okushaqayo, okushaqa	kushaqa	akushaqi	okungashaqi	kungashaqi
Class 17	kuyashaqa, kushaqa	okushaqayo, okushaqa	kushaqa	akushaqi	okungashaqi	kungashaqi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngishaqile, ngishaqē	engishaqile, engishaqē	ngishaqile, ngishaqē	angishaqanga	engingashaqanga	ngingashaqanga
2nd singular	ushaqile, ushaqē	oshaqile, oshaqē	ushaqile, ushaqē	awushaqanga	ongashaqanga	ungashaqanga
1st plural	sishaqile, sishaqē	esishaqile, esishaqē	sishaqile, sishaqē	asishaqanga	esingashaqanga	singashaqanga
2nd plural	nishaqile, nishaqē	enishaqile, enishaqē	nishaqile, nishaqē	anishaqanga	eningashaqanga	ningashaqanga
Class 1	ushaqile, ushaqē	oshaqile, oshaqē	eshaqile, eshaqē	akashaqanga	ongashaqanga	engashaqanga
Class 2	bashaqile, bashaqē	abashaqile, abashaqē	beshaqile, beshaqē	abashaqanga	abangashaqanga	bengashaqanga
Class 3	ushaqile, ushaqē	oshaqile, oshaqē	ushaqile, ushaqē	awushaqanga	ongashaqanga	ungashaqanga
Class 4	ishaqile, ishaqē	eshaqile, eshaqē	ishaqile, ishaqē	ayishaqanga	engashaqanga	ingashaqanga
Class 5	lishaqile, lishaqē	elishaqile, elishaqē	lishaqile, lishaqē	alishaqanga	elingashaqanga	lingashaqanga
Class 6	ashaqile, ashaqē	ashaqile, ashaqē	eshaqile, eshaqē	awashaqanga	angashaqanga	engashaqanga
Class 7	sishaqile, sishaqē	esishaqile, esishaqē	sishaqile, sishaqē	asishaqanga	esingashaqanga	singashaqanga
Class 8	zishaqile, zishaqē	ezishaqile, ezishaqē	zishaqile, zishaqē	azishaqanga	ezingashaqanga	zingashaqanga
Class 9	ishaqile, ishaqē	eshaqile, eshaqē	ishaqile, ishaqē	ayishaqanga	engashaqanga	ingashaqanga
Class 10	zishaqile, zishaqē	ezishaqile, ezishaqē	zishaqile, zishaqē	azishaqanga	ezingashaqanga	zingashaqanga
Class 11	lushaqile, lushaqē	olushaqile, olushaqē	lushaqile, lushaqē	alushaqanga	olungashaqanga	lungashaqanga
Class 14	bushaqile, bushaqē	obushaqile, obushaqē	bushaqile, bushaqē	abushaqanga	obungashaqanga	bungashaqanga
Class 15	kushaqile, kushaqē	okushaqile, okushaqē	kushaqile, kushaqē	akushaqanga	okungashaqanga	kungashaqanga
Class 17	kushaqile, kushaqē	okushaqile, okushaqē	kushaqile, kushaqē	akushaqanga	okungashaqanga	kungashaqanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāshaqa	engāshaqa	ngāshaqa	angishaqanga	engingashaqanga	ngingashaqanga
2nd singular	wāshaqa	owāshaqa	wāshaqa	awushaqanga	ongashaqanga	ungashaqanga
1st plural	sāshaqa	esāshaqa	sāshaqa	asishaqanga	esingashaqanga	singashaqanga
2nd plural	nāshaqa	enāshaqa	nāshaqa	anishaqanga	eningashaqanga	ningashaqanga
Class 1	wāshaqa	owāshaqa	āshaqa	akashaqanga	ongashaqanga	engashaqanga
Class 2	bāshaqa	abāshaqa	bāshaqa	abashaqanga	abangashaqanga	bengashaqanga
Class 3	wāshaqa	owāshaqa	wāshaqa	awushaqanga	ongashaqanga	ungashaqanga
Class 4	yāshaqa	eyāshaqa	yāshaqa	ayishaqanga	engashaqanga	ingashaqanga
Class 5	lāshaqa	elāshaqa	lāshaqa	alishaqanga	elingashaqanga	lingashaqanga
Class 6	āshaqa	āshaqa	āshaqa	awashaqanga	angashaqanga	engashaqanga
Class 7	sāshaqa	esāshaqa	sāshaqa	asishaqanga	esingashaqanga	singashaqanga
Class 8	zāshaqa	ezāshaqa	zāshaqa	azishaqanga	ezingashaqanga	zingashaqanga
Class 9	yāshaqa	eyāshaqa	yāshaqa	ayishaqanga	engashaqanga	ingashaqanga
Class 10	zāshaqa	ezāshaqa	zāshaqa	azishaqanga	ezingashaqanga	zingashaqanga
Class 11	lwāshaqa	olwāshaqa	lwāshaqa	alushaqanga	olungashaqanga	lungashaqanga
Class 14	bāshaqa	obāshaqa	bāshaqa	abushaqanga	obungashaqanga	bungashaqanga
Class 15	kwāshaqa	okwāshaqa	kwāshaqa	akushaqanga	okungashaqanga	kungashaqanga
Class 17	kwāshaqa	okwāshaqa	kwāshaqa	akushaqanga	okungashaqanga	kungashaqanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingashaqa	—	ngingashaqa	ngingeshaqe	—	ngingeshaqe
2nd singular	ungashaqa	—	ungashaqa	ungeshaqe	—	ungeshaqe
1st plural	singashaqa	—	singashaqa	singeshaqe	—	singeshaqe
2nd plural	ningashaqa	—	ningashaqa	ningeshaqe	—	ningeshaqe
Class 1	angashaqa	—	engashaqa	angeshaqe	—	engeshaqe
Class 2	bangashaqa	—	bengashaqa	bangeshaqe	—	bengeshaqe
Class 3	ungashaqa	—	ungashaqa	ungeshaqe	—	ungeshaqe
Class 4	ingashaqa	—	ingashaqa	ingeshaqe	—	ingeshaqe
Class 5	lingashaqa	—	lingashaqa	lingeshaqe	—	lingeshaqe
Class 6	angashaqa	—	engashaqa	angeshaqe	—	engeshaqe
Class 7	singashaqa	—	singashaqa	singeshaqe	—	singeshaqe
Class 8	zingashaqa	—	zingashaqa	zingeshaqe	—	zingeshaqe
Class 9	ingashaqa	—	ingashaqa	ingeshaqe	—	ingeshaqe
Class 10	zingashaqa	—	zingashaqa	zingeshaqe	—	zingeshaqe
Class 11	lungashaqa	—	lungashaqa	lungeshaqe	—	lungeshaqe
Class 14	bungashaqa	—	bungashaqa	bungeshaqe	—	bungeshaqe
Class 15	kungashaqa	—	kungashaqa	kungeshaqe	—	kungeshaqe
Class 17	kungashaqa	—	kungashaqa	kungeshaqe	—	kungeshaqe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoshaqa	engizoshaqa	ngizoshaqa	angizushaqa	engingezushaqa	ngingezushaqa
2nd singular	uzoshaqa	ozoshaqa	uzoshaqa	awuzushaqa	ongezushaqa	ungezushaqa
1st plural	sizoshaqa	esizoshaqa	sizoshaqa	asizushaqa	esingezushaqa	singezushaqa
2nd plural	nizoshaqa	enizoshaqa	nizoshaqa	anizushaqa	eningezushaqa	ningezushaqa
Class 1	uzoshaqa	ozoshaqa	ezoshaqa	akazushaqa	ongezushaqa	engezushaqa
Class 2	bazoshaqa	abazoshaqa	bezoshaqa	abazushaqa	abangezushaqa	bengezushaqa
Class 3	uzoshaqa	ozoshaqa	uzoshaqa	awuzushaqa	ongezushaqa	ungezushaqa
Class 4	izoshaqa	ezoshaqa	izoshaqa	ayizushaqa	engezushaqa	ingezushaqa
Class 5	lizoshaqa	elizoshaqa	lizoshaqa	alizushaqa	elingezushaqa	lingezushaqa
Class 6	azoshaqa	azoshaqa	ezoshaqa	awazushaqa	angezushaqa	engezushaqa
Class 7	sizoshaqa	esizoshaqa	sizoshaqa	asizushaqa	esingezushaqa	singezushaqa
Class 8	zizoshaqa	ezizoshaqa	zizoshaqa	azizushaqa	ezingezushaqa	zingezushaqa
Class 9	izoshaqa	ezoshaqa	izoshaqa	ayizushaqa	engezushaqa	ingezushaqa
Class 10	zizoshaqa	ezizoshaqa	zizoshaqa	azizushaqa	ezingezushaqa	zingezushaqa
Class 11	luzoshaqa	oluzoshaqa	luzoshaqa	aluzushaqa	olungezushaqa	lungezushaqa
Class 14	buzoshaqa	obuzoshaqa	buzoshaqa	abuzushaqa	obungezushaqa	bungezushaqa
Class 15	kuzoshaqa	okuzoshaqa	kuzoshaqa	akuzushaqa	okungezushaqa	kungezushaqa
Class 17	kuzoshaqa	okuzoshaqa	kuzoshaqa	akuzushaqa	okungezushaqa	kungezushaqa
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoshaqa	engiyoshaqa	ngiyoshaqa	angiyushaqa	engingeyushaqa	ngingeyushaqa
2nd singular	uyoshaqa	oyoshaqa	uyoshaqa	awuyushaqa	ongeyushaqa	ungeyushaqa
1st plural	siyoshaqa	esiyoshaqa	siyoshaqa	asiyushaqa	esingeyushaqa	singeyushaqa
2nd plural	niyoshaqa	eniyoshaqa	niyoshaqa	aniyushaqa	eningeyushaqa	ningeyushaqa
Class 1	uyoshaqa	oyoshaqa	eyoshaqa	akayushaqa	ongeyushaqa	engeyushaqa
Class 2	bayoshaqa	abayoshaqa	beyoshaqa	abayushaqa	abangeyushaqa	bengeyushaqa
Class 3	uyoshaqa	oyoshaqa	uyoshaqa	awuyushaqa	ongeyushaqa	ungeyushaqa
Class 4	iyoshaqa	eyoshaqa	iyoshaqa	ayiyushaqa	engeyushaqa	ingeyushaqa
Class 5	liyoshaqa	eliyoshaqa	liyoshaqa	aliyushaqa	elingeyushaqa	lingeyushaqa
Class 6	ayoshaqa	ayoshaqa	eyoshaqa	awayushaqa	angeyushaqa	engeyushaqa
Class 7	siyoshaqa	esiyoshaqa	siyoshaqa	asiyushaqa	esingeyushaqa	singeyushaqa
Class 8	ziyoshaqa	eziyoshaqa	ziyoshaqa	aziyushaqa	ezingeyushaqa	zingeyushaqa
Class 9	iyoshaqa	eyoshaqa	iyoshaqa	ayiyushaqa	engeyushaqa	ingeyushaqa
Class 10	ziyoshaqa	eziyoshaqa	ziyoshaqa	aziyushaqa	ezingeyushaqa	zingeyushaqa
Class 11	luyoshaqa	oluyoshaqa	luyoshaqa	aluyushaqa	olungeyushaqa	lungeyushaqa
Class 14	buyoshaqa	obuyoshaqa	buyoshaqa	abuyushaqa	obungeyushaqa	bungeyushaqa
Class 15	kuyoshaqa	okuyoshaqa	kuyoshaqa	akuyushaqa	okungeyushaqa	kungeyushaqa
Class 17	kuyoshaqa	okuyoshaqa	kuyoshaqa	akuyushaqa	okungeyushaqa	kungeyushaqa
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngishaqe	ngingashaqi
2nd singular	ushaqe	ungashaqi
1st plural	sishaqe	singashaqi
2nd plural	nishaqe	ningashaqi
Class 1	ashaqe	angashaqi
Class 2	bashaqe	bangashaqi
Class 3	ushaqe	ungashaqi
Class 4	ishaqe	ingashaqi
Class 5	lishaqe	lingashaqi
Class 6	ashaqe	angashaqi
Class 7	sishaqe	singashaqi
Class 8	zishaqe	zingashaqi
Class 9	ishaqe	ingashaqi
Class 10	zishaqe	zingashaqi
Class 11	lushaqe	lungashaqi
Class 14	bushaqe	bungashaqi
Class 15	kushaqe	kungashaqi
Class 17	kushaqe	kungashaqi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngashaqa	ngangashaqa, angashaqa, angangashaqa
2nd singular	washaqa	wangashaqa, awashaqa, awangashaqa
1st plural	sashaqa	sangashaqa, asashaqa, asangashaqa
2nd plural	nashaqa	nangashaqa, anashaqa, anangashaqa
Class 1	washaqa	wangashaqa, akashaqa, akangashaqa
Class 2	bashaqa	bangashaqa, abashaqa, abangashaqa
Class 3	washaqa	wangashaqa, awashaqa, awangashaqa
Class 4	yashaqa	yangashaqa, ayashaqa, ayangashaqa
Class 5	lashaqa	langashaqa, alashaqa, alangashaqa
Class 6	ashaqa	angashaqa, awashaqa, awangashaqa
Class 7	sashaqa	sangashaqa, asashaqa, asangashaqa
Class 8	zashaqa	zangashaqa, azashaqa, azangashaqa
Class 9	yashaqa	yangashaqa, ayashaqa, ayangashaqa
Class 10	zashaqa	zangashaqa, azashaqa, azangashaqa
Class 11	lwashaqa	lwangashaqa, alwashaqa, alwangashaqa
Class 14	bashaqa	bangashaqa, abashaqa, abangashaqa
Class 15	kwashaqa	kwangashaqa, akwashaqa, akwangashaqa
Class 17	kwashaqa	kwangashaqa, akwashaqa, akwangashaqa

Derived terms

• -shaqeka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sháqa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sháqa (8.8-9)”
• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shaqa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shaqa (6.3)”