sgnn

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ gnn (“to be soft”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsakʼnan/ → /ˈsakʼnan/ → /ˈsakʼnən/ → /ˈsakʼnən/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsakʼnan/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsakʼnan/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsakʼnən/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsakʼnən/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɡɛnɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: segenen

Verb

 caus. 2ae gem.

1. (transitive) to soften

Inflection

Conjugation of sgnn (causative second geminate / caus. 2ae gem. / caus. II. gem.) — base stem: sgn, geminated stem: sgnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sgnn	sgnn	sgnnt	sgnn	sgnn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sgnn	ḥr sgnn	m sgnn	r sgnn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sgnn.n	sgnnw, sgnn	consecutive	sgnn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sgnnt
perfective3	sgnn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sgnn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sgnn	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sgnnw, sgnn, sgnny	sgnnw, sgnn, sgnny	potentialis1	sgnn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sgnn	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sgnn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sgnn	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
imperfective	sgnn, sgnny, sgnnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sgnn, sgnnj6, sgnny6	sgnn, sgnnw5
prospective	sgnn, sgnntj7	—	sgnnwtj1 4, sgnntj4, sgnnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Demotic: sgn
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲟϫⲉⲛ (sočen)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲟϭⲛ (socn)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 330.