schnauben
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From dialectal Middle High German snūben, related to Middle Low German snûven, Middle High German snūfen (“to gasp, pant”), which is part of a group of interrelated forms (see below), ultimately from a Germanic base imitative of the sudden drawing of breath. The verb was originally strong, but developed weak forms as early as the 16th century, which have then predominated since the 18th century.[1] Cognate with Dutch snuiven. Compare also the German variant schnaufen.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]schnauben (weak or class 2 strong, third-person singular present schnaubt, past tense schnaubte or (dated) schnob, past participle geschnaubt or (dated) geschnoben, past subjunctive schnaubte or (dated) schnöbe, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to snort; to pant (to breathe loudly)
- 1998, Wolfgang Krege, transl., Der Hobbit, 20th edition, Germany: J. G. Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Nachfolger GmbH, translation of The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien, published 2012, →ISBN, page 289:
- »Rache!«, schnob er, und das Licht aus seinen Augen erhellte die Halle vom Boden bis zur Decke wie ein scharlachroter Blitz.
- "Revenge!" he snorted, and the light of his eyes lit the hall from floor to ceiling like scarlet lightning.
Usage notes
[edit]- The verb schnauben is most often used referring either to animals, particularly horses, or to someone’s snorting out of anger. The related form schnaufen is more common otherwise (although this distinction is not clear-cut).
- Only the weak conjugation is common today.
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | schnauben | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | schnaubend | ||||
past participle | geschnaubt geschnoben1 | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich schnaube | wir schnauben | i | ich schnaube | wir schnauben |
du schnaubst | ihr schnaubt | du schnaubest | ihr schnaubet | ||
er schnaubt | sie schnauben | er schnaube | sie schnauben | ||
preterite | ich schnaubte ich schnob1 |
wir schnaubten wir schnoben1 |
ii | ich schnaubte2 ich schnöbe1,2 |
wir schnaubten2 wir schnöben1,2 |
du schnaubtest du schnobst1 |
ihr schnaubtet ihr schnobt1 |
du schnaubtest2 du schnöbest1,2 du schnöbst1,2 |
ihr schnaubtet2 ihr schnöbet1,2 ihr schnöbt1,2 | ||
er schnaubte er schnob1 |
sie schnaubten sie schnoben1 |
er schnaubte2 er schnöbe1,2 |
sie schnaubten2 sie schnöben1,2 | ||
imperative | schnaub (du) schnaube (du) |
schnaubt (ihr) |
1Dated.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
1Dated.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “schnauben”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “schnauben” in Duden online
- “schnauben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “schnauben” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
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- German onomatopoeias
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- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
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