sꜥnj

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜥnj (“to be beautiful”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɑːni/
  • Conventional anglicization: seani

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf. or caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to beautify

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜥnj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sꜥn, geminated stem: sꜥnn

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sꜥnt, sꜥnj sꜥnw, sꜥn sꜥnt, sꜥnwt, sꜥnyt sꜥn sꜥn, sꜥny ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sꜥn ḥr sꜥnt, ḥr sꜥnj m sꜥnt, m sꜥnj r sꜥnt, r sꜥnj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sꜥn.n sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny consecutive sꜥn.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sꜥnt perfective3 sꜥn active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sꜥn.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sꜥn, sꜥny active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny potentialis1 sꜥn.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sꜥn, sꜥny active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sꜥn.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sꜥnw1, sꜥny, sꜥn active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥn sꜥny, sꜥn imperfective sꜥnn, sꜥnny, sꜥnnw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥnn, sꜥnnj6, sꜥnny6 sꜥnn, sꜥnnw5 prospective sꜥnw1, sꜥny, sꜥn, sꜥntj7 — sꜥnwtj1 4, sꜥntj4, sꜥnt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Allen instead considers this a causative biliteral:

Conjugation of sꜥn (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜥn

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sꜥnt, sꜥn sꜥnw, sꜥn sꜥnt sꜥn sꜥn ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sꜥn ḥr sꜥn m sꜥn r sꜥn suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sꜥn.n sꜥnw, sꜥn consecutive sꜥn.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sꜥnt perfective3 sꜥn active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sꜥn.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sꜥn active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny sꜥnw, sꜥn, sꜥny potentialis1 sꜥn.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sꜥn active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sꜥn.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sꜥn active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥn sꜥn, sꜥnw5, sꜥny5 imperfective sꜥn, sꜥny, sꜥnw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sꜥn, sꜥnj6, sꜥny6 sꜥn, sꜥnw5 prospective sꜥn, sꜥntj7 — sꜥnwtj1 4, sꜥntj4, sꜥnt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 357.