sḏr

See also: sdr and SDR

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛd͡ʒɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sedjer

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to lie down
   • c. 2353 BCE – 2323 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Unas — gable of the west wall of the burial chamber, line 4–5, spell 226.3:

     tꜣ j.ꜥm n.k prt jm.k hjw sḏr zbn

     Earth, swallow up into yourself what has emerged from you! Hiu-serpent, lie down, crawl away!

   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:

     
     

     jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt

     I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.

2. (intransitive) to go to bed for the night, to go to sleep
   • c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 11–12:

     nj sḏr z ḥqr.w r dmj.j

     No one went to bed hungry in my district.

3. (intransitive) to spend the night

Usage notes

This verb is often used with a following adverb clause introduced by a stative without a preceding subject; the subject of this stative is then ordinarily identical with the subject of sḏr.

Inflection

Conjugation of sḏr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sḏr, geminated stem: sḏrr

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sḏr sḏrw, sḏr sḏrt sḏr sḏr ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sḏr ḥr sḏr m sḏr r sḏr suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect sḏr.n consecutive sḏr.jn terminative sḏrt perfective3 sḏr obligative1 sḏr.ḫr imperfective sḏr prospective3 sḏr potentialis1 sḏr.kꜣ subjunctive sḏr verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect sḏr.n — — perfective sḏr sḏr sḏr, sḏrw5, sḏry5 imperfective sḏr, sḏry, sḏrw5 sḏr, sḏrj6, sḏry6 sḏr, sḏrw5 prospective sḏr, sḏrtj7 sḏrtj4, sḏrt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• msḏr
• sḏrt

Noun

 m

1. sleeper

Inflection

Declension of sḏr (masculine)

singular	sḏr
dual	sḏrwj
plural	sḏrw

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 216, 219, 360.