sḏfꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ḏfꜣ (“to provision”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsicʼfiʀ/ → /ˈsitʼfiʀ/ → /ˈsetʼfə/ → /ˈsetʼf/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsicʼfiʀ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsitʼfiʀ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsetʼfə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsetʼf/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛd͡ʒɛfɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: sedjefa

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to supply (people, gods, or lands) with food, to feed (+ m: with)
2. (transitive) to supply or endow (altars or temples) with offerings (+ m: with)
3. (transitive) to supply, provide to, or endow in general (+ m: with)

Inflection

Conjugation of sḏfꜣ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sḏfꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sḏfꜣ sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ sḏfꜣt sḏfꜣ sḏfꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sḏfꜣ ḥr sḏfꜣ m sḏfꜣ r sḏfꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sḏfꜣ.n sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ consecutive sḏfꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sḏfꜣt perfective3 sḏfꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sḏfꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sḏfꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣy sḏfꜣw, sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣy potentialis1 sḏfꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sḏfꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sḏfꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sḏfꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 sḏfꜣ sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣw5, sḏfꜣy5 imperfective sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣy, sḏfꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣj6, sḏfꜣy6 sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣw5 prospective sḏfꜣ, sḏfꜣtj7 — sḏfꜣwtj1 4, sḏfꜣtj4, sḏfꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḏfꜣ  

sḏfꜣ

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 383.1–383.22, 384.1–384.3
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 259