sšwj

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ šwj (“to be empty, devoid”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛʃuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: seshui

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to deprive (someone) (+ m: of (something)) [Old Kingdom]
2. (transitive) to empty (a container) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
3. (transitive) to unload (a ship) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
4. (transitive) to unload (goods) (+ m: from (a ship)) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
5. (transitive) to empty in the abstract sense, to make devoid or free (+ m: of (a quality, typically a negative one)) [Greco-Roman Period]
6. (transitive) to lose (something) by theft [18th Dynasty]

Inflection

Conjugation of sšwj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sšw, geminated stem: sšww

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sšwt, sšwj sšww, sšw sšwt, sšwwt, sšwyt sšw sšw, sšwy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sšw ḥr sšwt, ḥr sšwj m sšwt, m sšwj r sšwt, r sšwj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sšw.n sšww, sšw, sšwy consecutive sšw.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sšwt perfective3 sšw active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sšw.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sšw, sšwy active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sšww, sšw, sšwy sšww, sšw, sšwy potentialis1 sšw.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sšw, sšwy active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sšw.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sšww1, sšwy, sšw active + .tj1, .tw2 sšw sšwy, sšw imperfective sšww, sšwwy, sšwww5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sšww, sšwwj6, sšwwy6 sšww, sšwww5 prospective sšww1, sšwy, sšw, sšwtj7 — sšwwtj1 4, sšwtj4, sšwt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sšwj  

sšwj	sšwj	sšwj	šwj	šwj	šwj	sšwj	šwj
[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
		in hieratic	in Late Egyptian texts	in Late Egyptian texts	in Late Egyptian texts

Starting in Late Egyptian, this word is not always distinguished from its non-causative source šwj (“to be empty”).

Descendants

• Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲟ (šouo), ϣⲟⲩⲱ⸗ (šouō⸗)

References

• “sšwi̯ (lemma ID 144810)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 282.1–282.4, 428.1–428.2
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 247