renâcler

French

Etymology

Variant (influenced by renifler) of Middle French renaquer, from naquer, from Old French naquier (“sniff”), nascïer (“talk through the nose”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁə.na.kle/ ~ /ʁə.nɑ.kle/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

renâcler

1. (intransitive) to display fear, anger or reluctance by snorting (of animals, especially horses)

   Synonym: renifler

   Devant l’obstacle, le cheval s’arrêta net en renâclant.

   In front of the obstacle, the horse stopped dead in its tracks with a snort.

2. (intransitive, figuratively) to display reluctance

   Synonym: rechigner

   Il prit le balais et la serpillière et s’activa à la tâche, non sans avoir renâclé bruyamment.

   He took the broom and the floorcloth and got to work, but not before loudly complaining.

   • 2015 April 16, Maurice Szafran, “Pourquoi le nouveau nom de l'UMP suscite l'indignation”, in Challenges‎^[1]:

     Au sein de (l’ex) UMP, l’accueil, hormis au sein du premier cercle sarkozyste, n’est guère enthousiaste à l’annonce de ce nouveau nom. Les proches d’Alain Juppé et de François Fillon renâclent, même s’ils n’osent pas l’exprimer haut et fort.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of renâcler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	renâcler
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	renâclant /ʁə.na.klɑ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		renâclé /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/	renâcles /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/	renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/	renâclons /ʁə.na.klɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɔ̃/	renâclez /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/	renâclent /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/
	imperfect	renâclais /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/	renâclais /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/	renâclait /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/	renâclions /ʁə.na.kli.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.jɔ̃/	renâcliez /ʁə.na.kli.je/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.je/	renâclaient /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/
	past historic2	renâclai /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/	renâclas /ʁə.na.kla/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla/	renâcla /ʁə.na.kla/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla/	renâclâmes /ʁə.na.klam/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klam/	renâclâtes /ʁə.na.klat/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klat/	renâclèrent /ʁə.na.klɛʁ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛʁ/
	future	renâclerai /ʁə.na.klə.ʁe/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁe/	renâcleras /ʁə.na.klə.ʁa/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁa/	renâclera /ʁə.na.klə.ʁa/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁa/	renâclerons /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɔ̃/	renâclerez /ʁə.na.klə.ʁe/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁe/	renâcleront /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	renâclerais /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/	renâclerais /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/	renâclerait /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/	renâclerions /ʁə.na.klə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁjɔ̃/	renâcleriez /ʁə.na.klə.ʁje/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁje/	renâcleraient /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/	renâcles /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/	renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/	renâclions /ʁə.na.kli.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.jɔ̃/	renâcliez /ʁə.na.kli.je/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.je/	renâclent /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/
	imperfect2	renâclasse /ʁə.na.klas/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klas/	renâclasses /ʁə.na.klas/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klas/	renâclât /ʁə.na.kla/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla/	renâclassions /ʁə.na.kla.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla.sjɔ̃/	renâclassiez /ʁə.na.kla.sje/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla.sje/	renâclassent /ʁə.na.klas/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/	—	renâclons /ʁə.na.klɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɔ̃/	renâclez /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “renâcler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• relancer