rajzik
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]raj (“swarm, flock”) + -zik (verb-forming suffix)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rajzik
- (intransitive, of insects, birds) to swarm (to move as a swarm)
- (intransitive, of crowd of people or vehicles) to stream, flow, flood, rush (to move in large unorganized groups)
- (intransitive) to hang around someone and showering attention (followed by körül)
- Synonym: legyeskedik
- (intransitive, of thoughts, images in someone's mind) to flow, whirl, swirl
Conjugation
[edit]Although Bárczi and Országh’s dictionary (linked below) claims that its imperative forms are not used, Judit Szépe, Károly Gerstner, and Tamás Szende point it out:[1] The last four verbs (fogamzik ’be conceived’, nemz ’beget’, kirajzik ’hive off’, (el)fajzik ’degenerate’) […] differ from all the rest in that their imperative forms do exist even though their conditionals with vowel insertion are ill‑formed. Hungarian National Corpus[2] provides one such example sentence.[3]
conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzok | rajzol | rajzik | rajzunk | rajzotok | rajzanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajzottam | rajzottál | rajzott | rajzottunk | rajzottatok | rajzottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rajzani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzék | rajzál | rajza | rajzánk | rajzátok | rajzának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajzik vala, rajzott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajzandok | rajzandasz | rajzand | rajzandunk | rajzandotok | rajzandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzanék | rajzanál | rajzana | rajzanánk | rajzanátok | rajzanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzzak | rajzz or rajzzál |
rajzzon | rajzzunk | rajzzatok | rajzzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | rajzani | rajzanom | rajzanod | rajzania | rajzanunk | rajzanotok | rajzaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| rajzás | rajzó | rajzott | ― | rajzva (rajzván) | |||||
potential conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzhatok | rajzhatsz | rajzhat | rajzhatunk | rajzhattok | rajzhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajzhattam | rajzhattál | rajzhatott | rajzhattunk | rajzhattatok | rajzhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzhaték | rajzhatál | rajzhata | rajzhatánk | rajzhatátok | rajzhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. rajzhat vala, rajzhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajzhatandok or rajzandhatok |
rajzhatandasz or rajzandhatsz |
rajzhatand or rajzandhat |
rajzhatandunk or rajzandhatunk |
rajzhatandotok or rajzandhattok |
rajzhatandanak or rajzandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzhatnék | rajzhatnál | rajzhatna | rajzhatnánk | rajzhatnátok | rajzhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzhassak | rajzhass or rajzhassál |
rajzhasson | rajzhassunk | rajzhassatok | rajzhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (rajzhatni) | (rajzhatnom) | (rajzhatnod) | (rajzhatnia) | (rajzhatnunk) | (rajzhatnotok) | (rajzhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (rajzhatva / rajzhatván) | ||||
or
conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzok | rajzol | rajzik | rajzunk | rajzotok | rajzanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajzottam | rajzottál | rajzott | rajzottunk | rajzottatok | rajzottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rajzani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzék | rajzál | rajza | rajzánk | rajzátok | rajzának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajzik vala, rajzott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajzandok | rajzandasz | rajzand | rajzandunk | rajzandotok | rajzandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzanék | rajzanál | rajzana | rajzanánk | rajzanátok | rajzanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozzak | rajozz or rajozzál |
rajozzon | rajozzunk | rajozzatok | rajozzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | rajzani | rajzanom | rajzanod | rajzania | rajzanunk | rajzanotok | rajzaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| rajzás | rajzó | rajzott | ― | rajozva (rajozván) | |||||
potential conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozhatok | rajozhatsz | rajozhat | rajozhatunk | rajozhattok | rajozhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajozhattam | rajozhattál | rajozhatott | rajozhattunk | rajozhattatok | rajozhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzhaték | rajzhatál | rajzhata | rajzhatánk | rajzhatátok | rajzhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. rajozhat vala, rajozhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajozhatandok or rajzandhatok |
rajozhatandasz or rajzandhatsz |
rajozhatand or rajzandhat |
rajozhatandunk or rajzandhatunk |
rajozhatandotok or rajzandhattok |
rajozhatandanak or rajzandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozhatnék | rajozhatnál | rajozhatna | rajozhatnánk | rajozhatnátok | rajozhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajozhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozhassak | rajozhass or rajozhassál |
rajozhasson | rajozhassunk | rajozhassatok | rajozhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajozhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (rajozhatni) | (rajozhatnom) | (rajozhatnod) | (rajozhatnia) | (rajozhatnunk) | (rajozhatnotok) | (rajozhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (rajozhatva / rajozhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ Szépe, Judit―Tamás Szende―Károly Gerstner. “Csuklik, kotlik, hámlik. Megjegyzések a hiányos paradigmájú igék módjelezéséről” (’notes on the modal suffixes on verbs with defective conjugation’). Magyar Nyelv (’Hungarian Language’), vol. 100, no. 3, 2004, pp. 358–367. Link at OSZK. English-language version: “On Defective Verbs and Mood Marking in Hungarian”. Linguistica Uralica, vol. 49, no. 2, 2013, pp. 127–141.
- ^ Váradi, Tamás PhD et. al. Magyar nemzeti szövegtár, Hungarian National Corpus. (Free registration required.) Nyelvtudományi Intézet (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary).
- ^ A muslincák hada rajzzon körül minden játékost (“Let the army of fruit flies swarm around every player”)
Further reading
[edit]- rajzik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN