qrf

See also: QRF

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /qʼaˈɾaf/ → /qʼaˈɾaf/ → /qʼəˈɾaf/ → /qʼəˈɾaf/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaˈɾaf/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaˈɾaf/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼəˈɾaf/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼəˈɾaf/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛrɛf/
  • Conventional anglicization: qeref

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to bend together, to crook

Inflection

Conjugation of qrf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: qrf, geminated stem: qrff

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural qrf qrfw, qrf qrft qrf qrf ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 qrf ḥr qrf m qrf r qrf suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect qrf.n qrfw, qrf consecutive qrf.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative qrft perfective3 qrf active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 qrf.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective qrf active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 qrf qrff potentialis1 qrf.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive qrf active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect qrf.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective qrf active + .tj1, .tw2 qrf qrf, qrfw5, qrfy5 imperfective qrf, qrfy, qrfw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 qrf, qrfj6, qrfy6 qrf, qrfw5 prospective qrf, qrftj7 — qrftj4, qrft4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 60.7–60.8