qnj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: qeni

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to embrace
2. (transitive) to surround

Inflection

Conjugation of qnj (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: qnj

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural qnj qnjw, qnj qnjt qnj qnj ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 qnj ḥr qnj m qnj r qnj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect qnj.n qnjw, qnj consecutive qnj.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative qnjt perfective3 qnj active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 qnj.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective qnj active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 qnj qnj potentialis1 qnj.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive qnj active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect qnj.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective qnj active + .tj1, .tw2 qnj qnj, qnjw5, qnjy5 imperfective qnj, qnjy, qnjw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 qnj, qnjj6, qnjy6 qnj, qnjw5 prospective qnj, qnjtj7 — qnjtj4, qnjt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Synonyms

• jnq
• ḥpt

Noun

 m

1. sheaf, bundle

Inflection

Declension of qnj (masculine)

singular	qnj
dual	qnjwj
plural	qnjw

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: qeni

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) brave and sturdy, to be(come) stalwart
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:

     jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k

     If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.

2. (transitive or intransitive) to prevail, to conquer

Inflection

Conjugation of qnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: qn, geminated stem: qnn

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural qnt, qnj qnw, qn qnt, qnwt, qnyt qn qn, qny ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 qn8, qnn8 ḥr qnt, ḥr qnj m qnt, m qnj r qnt, r qnj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect qn.n qnw, qn, qny consecutive qn.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative qnt, qnyt perfective3 qn active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 qn.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective qn, qny active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 qnw, qn, qny qnw, qn, qny potentialis1 qn.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive qn, qny active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect qn.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective qnw1, qny, qn active + .tj1, .tw2 qn qny, qn imperfective qnn, qnny, qnnw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 qnn, qnnj6, qnny6 qnn, qnnw5 prospective qnw1, qny, qn, qntj7 — qnwtj1 4, qntj4, qnt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qnj  

qnj

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼinjit/ → /ˈqʼinjiʔ/ → /ˈqʼenja/ → /ˈqʼenjə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼinjit/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼinjiʔ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼenja/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼenjə/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: qeni

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) fat

Inflection

Conjugation of qnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: qn, geminated stem: qnn

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural qnt, qnj qnw, qn qnt, qnwt, qnyt qn qn, qny ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 qn8, qnn8 ḥr qnt, ḥr qnj m qnt, m qnj r qnt, r qnj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect qn.n consecutive qn.jn terminative qnt, qnyt perfective3 qn obligative1 qn.ḫr imperfective qn, qny prospective3 qnw, qn, qny potentialis1 qn.kꜣ subjunctive qn, qny verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect qn.n — — perfective qnw1, qny, qn qn qny, qn imperfective qnn, qnny, qnnw5 qnn, qnnj6, qnny6 qnn, qnnw5 prospective qnw1, qny, qn, qntj7 qnwtj1 4, qntj4, qnt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲛⲉⲓⲉ (kneie), ⲕⲛⲛⲓⲉ (knnie)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲉⲛⲓ (keni)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲛⲛⲓ (kēnni)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲛⲛⲉ (knne)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 240, 386.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147