qnj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: qeni

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to embrace
2. (transitive) to surround

Inflection

Conjugation of qnj (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: qnj

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
qnj	qnjw, qnj	qnjt	qnj	qnj

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
qnj	ḥr qnj	m qnj	r qnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	qnj.n	qnjw, qnj	consecutive	qnj.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	qnjt
perfective3	qnj	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	qnj.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	qnj	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	qnj	qnj	potentialis1	qnj.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	qnj	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	qnj.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	qnj	active + .tj1, .tw2	qnj	qnj, qnjw5, qnjy5
imperfective	qnj, qnjy, qnjw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	qnj, qnjj6, qnjy6	qnj, qnjw5
prospective	qnj, qnjtj7	—	qnjtj4, qnjt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Synonyms

• jnq
• ḥpt

Noun

 m

1. sheaf, bundle

Inflection

Declension of qnj (masculine)

singular	qnj
dual	qnjwj
plural	qnjw

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: qeni

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) brave and sturdy, to be(come) stalwart
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:

     jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k

     If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.

2. (transitive or intransitive) to prevail, to conquer

Inflection

Conjugation of qnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: qn, geminated stem: qnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
qnt, qnj	qnw, qn	qnt, qnwt, qnyt	qn	qn, qny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
qn8, qnn8	ḥr qnt, ḥr qnj	m qnt, m qnj	r qnt, r qnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	qn.n	qnw, qn, qny	consecutive	qn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	qnt, qnyt
perfective3	qn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	qn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	qn, qny	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	qnw, qn, qny	qnw, qn, qny	potentialis1	qn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	qn, qny	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	qn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	qnw1, qny, qn	active + .tj1, .tw2	qn	qny, qn
imperfective	qnn, qnny, qnnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	qnn, qnnj6, qnny6	qnn, qnnw5
prospective	qnw1, qny, qn, qntj7	—	qnwtj1 4, qntj4, qnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qnj  

qnj

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼinjit/ → /ˈqʼinjiʔ/ → /ˈqʼenja/ → /ˈqʼenjə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼinjit/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼinjiʔ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼenja/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈqʼenjə/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛni/
  • Conventional anglicization: qeni

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) fat

Inflection

Conjugation of qnj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: qn, geminated stem: qnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
qnt, qnj	qnw, qn	qnt, qnwt, qnyt	qn	qn, qny

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
qn8, qnn8	ḥr qnt, ḥr qnj	m qnt, m qnj	r qnt, r qnj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	qn.n	consecutive	qn.jn
terminative	qnt, qnyt
perfective3	qn	obligative1	qn.ḫr
imperfective	qn, qny
prospective3	qnw, qn, qny	potentialis1	qn.kꜣ
subjunctive	qn, qny

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	qn.n	—	—
perfective	qnw1, qny, qn	qn	qny, qn
imperfective	qnn, qnny, qnnw5	qnn, qnnj6, qnny6	qnn, qnnw5
prospective	qnw1, qny, qn, qntj7	qnwtj1 4, qntj4, qnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲛⲉⲓⲉ (kneie), ⲕⲛⲛⲓⲉ (knnie)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲉⲛⲓ (keni)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲛⲛⲓ (kēnni)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲛⲛⲉ (knne)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 240, 386.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147