qichwa
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Quechua
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Quechuan *qiĉwa (“temperate area, valley”). It is theorized that its use as a glottonym was brought about by the Spanish and that the language had no specific name in pre-colonial times. Instead, it would have been taken from the "Quichoa" people of today's Apurímac, who would have taken their ethnonym from the "valleys" (*qiĉwa) where they lived and who, according to tradition, would have been the first disseminators of Cuzco Quechua.[1] This theory, however, is disputed. A competing theory holds that the Incas had a sophisticated system of naming languages according to ecological regions.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]qichwa
- temperate area, sierra valley, valley.
- Andean altitude between 2,300 m and 3,500 m.
- Quechua people or language.
- (weaving) a valley motif
Declension
[edit]declension of qichwa
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichwa | qichwakuna |
| accusative | qichwata | qichwakunata |
| dative | qichwaman | qichwakunaman |
| genitive | qichwap | qichwakunap |
| locative | qichwapi | qichwakunapi |
| terminative | qichwakama | qichwakunakama |
| ablative | qichwamanta | qichwakunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwawan | qichwakunawan |
| comitative | qichwantin | qichwakunantin |
| abessive | qichwannaq | qichwakunannaq |
| comparative | qichwahina | qichwakunahina |
| causative | qichwarayku | qichwakunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwapaq | qichwakunapaq |
| associative | qichwapura | qichwakunapura |
| distributive | qichwanka | qichwakunanka |
| exclusive | qichwalla | qichwakunalla |
possessive forms of qichwa
ñuqap - first-person singular
| ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichway | qichwaykuna |
| accusative | qichwayta | qichwaykunata |
| dative | qichwayman | qichwaykunaman |
| genitive | qichwaypa | qichwaykunap |
| locative | qichwaypi | qichwaykunapi |
| terminative | qichwaykama | qichwaykunakama |
| ablative | qichwaymanta | qichwaykunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwaywan | qichwaykunawan |
| comitative | qichwaynintin | qichwaykunantin |
| abessive | qichwayninnaq | qichwaykunannaq |
| comparative | qichwayhina | qichwaykunahina |
| causative | qichwayrayku | qichwaykunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwaypaq | qichwaykunapaq |
| associative | qichwaypura | qichwaykunapura |
| distributive | qichwayninka | qichwaykunanka |
| exclusive | qichwaylla | qichwaykunalla |
qampa - second-person singular
| qampa (your) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichwayki | qichwaykikuna |
| accusative | qichwaykita | qichwaykikunata |
| dative | qichwaykiman | qichwaykikunaman |
| genitive | qichwaykipa | qichwaykikunap |
| locative | qichwaykipi | qichwaykikunapi |
| terminative | qichwaykikama | qichwaykikunakama |
| ablative | qichwaykimanta | qichwaykikunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwaykiwan | qichwaykikunawan |
| comitative | qichwaykintin | qichwaykikunantin |
| abessive | qichwaykinnaq | qichwaykikunannaq |
| comparative | qichwaykihina | qichwaykikunahina |
| causative | qichwaykirayku | qichwaykikunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwaykipaq | qichwaykikunapaq |
| associative | qichwaykipura | qichwaykikunapura |
| distributive | qichwaykinka | qichwaykikunanka |
| exclusive | qichwaykilla | qichwaykikunalla |
paypa - third-person singular
| paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichwan | qichwankuna |
| accusative | qichwanta | qichwankunata |
| dative | qichwanman | qichwankunaman |
| genitive | qichwanpa | qichwankunap |
| locative | qichwanpi | qichwankunapi |
| terminative | qichwankama | qichwankunakama |
| ablative | qichwanmanta | qichwankunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwanwan | qichwankunawan |
| comitative | qichwanintin | qichwankunantin |
| abessive | qichwanninnaq | qichwankunannaq |
| comparative | qichwanhina | qichwankunahina |
| causative | qichwanrayku | qichwankunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwanpaq | qichwankunapaq |
| associative | qichwanpura | qichwankunapura |
| distributive | qichwaninka | qichwankunanka |
| exclusive | qichwanlla | qichwankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural
| ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichwanchik | qichwanchikkuna |
| accusative | qichwanchikta | qichwanchikkunata |
| dative | qichwanchikman | qichwanchikkunaman |
| genitive | qichwanchikpa | qichwanchikkunap |
| locative | qichwanchikpi | qichwanchikkunapi |
| terminative | qichwanchikkama | qichwanchikkunakama |
| ablative | qichwanchikmanta | qichwanchikkunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwanchikwan | qichwanchikkunawan |
| comitative | qichwanchiknintin | qichwanchikkunantin |
| abessive | qichwanchikninnaq | qichwanchikkunannaq |
| comparative | qichwanchikhina | qichwanchikkunahina |
| causative | qichwanchikrayku | qichwanchikkunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwanchikpaq | qichwanchikkunapaq |
| associative | qichwanchikpura | qichwanchikkunapura |
| distributive | qichwanchikninka | qichwanchikkunanka |
| exclusive | qichwanchiklla | qichwanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural
| ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichwayku | qichwaykukuna |
| accusative | qichwaykuta | qichwaykukunata |
| dative | qichwaykuman | qichwaykukunaman |
| genitive | qichwaykupa | qichwaykukunap |
| locative | qichwaykupi | qichwaykukunapi |
| terminative | qichwaykukama | qichwaykukunakama |
| ablative | qichwaykumanta | qichwaykukunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwaykuwan | qichwaykukunawan |
| comitative | qichwaykuntin | qichwaykukunantin |
| abessive | qichwaykunnaq | qichwaykukunannaq |
| comparative | qichwaykuhina | qichwaykukunahina |
| causative | qichwaykurayku | qichwaykukunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwaykupaq | qichwaykukunapaq |
| associative | qichwaykupura | qichwaykukunapura |
| distributive | qichwaykunka | qichwaykukunanka |
| exclusive | qichwaykulla | qichwaykukunalla |
qamkunap - second-person plural
| qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichwaykichik | qichwaykichikkuna |
| accusative | qichwaykichikta | qichwaykichikkunata |
| dative | qichwaykichikman | qichwaykichikkunaman |
| genitive | qichwaykichikpa | qichwaykichikkunap |
| locative | qichwaykichikpi | qichwaykichikkunapi |
| terminative | qichwaykichikkama | qichwaykichikkunakama |
| ablative | qichwaykichikmanta | qichwaykichikkunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwaykichikwan | qichwaykichikkunawan |
| comitative | qichwaykichiknintin | qichwaykichikkunantin |
| abessive | qichwaykichikninnaq | qichwaykichikkunannaq |
| comparative | qichwaykichikhina | qichwaykichikkunahina |
| causative | qichwaykichikrayku | qichwaykichikkunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwaykichikpaq | qichwaykichikkunapaq |
| associative | qichwaykichikpura | qichwaykichikkunapura |
| distributive | qichwaykichikninka | qichwaykichikkunanka |
| exclusive | qichwaykichiklla | qichwaykichikkunalla |
paykunap - third-person plural
| paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | qichwanku | qichwankukuna |
| accusative | qichwankuta | qichwankukunata |
| dative | qichwankuman | qichwankukunaman |
| genitive | qichwankupa | qichwankukunap |
| locative | qichwankupi | qichwankukunapi |
| terminative | qichwankukama | qichwankukunakama |
| ablative | qichwankumanta | qichwankukunamanta |
| instrumental | qichwankuwan | qichwankukunawan |
| comitative | qichwankuntin | qichwankukunantin |
| abessive | qichwankunnaq | qichwankukunannaq |
| comparative | qichwankuhina | qichwankukunahina |
| causative | qichwankurayku | qichwankukunarayku |
| benefactive | qichwankupaq | qichwankukunapaq |
| associative | qichwankupura | qichwankukunapura |
| distributive | qichwankunka | qichwankukunanka |
| exclusive | qichwankulla | qichwankukunalla |
See also
[edit]- (Peruvian ecoregions) Piruwpi allpa suyukuna; challa, hanka, puna, qichwa/qhichwa, rupha rupha, sallqasuni, umawa, yunka (Category: qu:Peruvian ecoregions)
- runasimi
References
[edit]- ^ Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo. 2021. Otra vuelta de tuerca: la etimología de <quechua> en quechua y aimara [Another turn of the screw: The etymology of <Quechua> in Quechua and Aymara]. Indiana 38(2), pp. 159–177. DOI: 10.18441/ind.v38i2.159-177.
- ^ Itier, César. 2015. «Quechua» y el sistema inca de denominación de las lenguas ["Quechua" and the Incaic system of denominating languages]. Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez 45(1), pp. 37–56. DOI: 10.4000/mcv.6113.