qhuma

Xhosa

Verb

-qhuma

1. to emit smoke

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃʰuːma/

Verb

-qhuma

1. (intransitive) to burst, to explode, to pop

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuqhuma
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqhuma	ukungaqhumi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qhuma	-qhume
Plural	qhumani	-qhumeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqhuma, ngiqhuma	engiqhumayo, engiqhuma	ngiqhuma	angiqhumi	engingaqhumi	ngingaqhumi
2nd singular	uyaqhuma, uqhuma	oqhumayo, oqhuma	uqhuma	awuqhumi	ongaqhumi	ungaqhumi
1st plural	siyaqhuma, siqhuma	esiqhumayo, esiqhuma	siqhuma	asiqhumi	esingaqhumi	singaqhumi
2nd plural	niyaqhuma, niqhuma	eniqhumayo, eniqhuma	niqhuma	aniqhumi	eningaqhumi	ningaqhumi
Class 1	uyaqhuma, uqhuma	oqhumayo, oqhuma	eqhuma	akaqhumi	ongaqhumi	engaqhumi
Class 2	bayaqhuma, baqhuma	abaqhumayo, abaqhuma	beqhuma	abaqhumi	abangaqhumi	bengaqhumi
Class 3	uyaqhuma, uqhuma	oqhumayo, oqhuma	uqhuma	awuqhumi	ongaqhumi	ungaqhumi
Class 4	iyaqhuma, iqhuma	eqhumayo, eqhuma	iqhuma	ayiqhumi	engaqhumi	ingaqhumi
Class 5	liyaqhuma, liqhuma	eliqhumayo, eliqhuma	liqhuma	aliqhumi	elingaqhumi	lingaqhumi
Class 6	ayaqhuma, aqhuma	aqhumayo, aqhuma	eqhuma	awaqhumi	angaqhumi	engaqhumi
Class 7	siyaqhuma, siqhuma	esiqhumayo, esiqhuma	siqhuma	asiqhumi	esingaqhumi	singaqhumi
Class 8	ziyaqhuma, ziqhuma	eziqhumayo, eziqhuma	ziqhuma	aziqhumi	ezingaqhumi	zingaqhumi
Class 9	iyaqhuma, iqhuma	eqhumayo, eqhuma	iqhuma	ayiqhumi	engaqhumi	ingaqhumi
Class 10	ziyaqhuma, ziqhuma	eziqhumayo, eziqhuma	ziqhuma	aziqhumi	ezingaqhumi	zingaqhumi
Class 11	luyaqhuma, luqhuma	oluqhumayo, oluqhuma	luqhuma	aluqhumi	olungaqhumi	lungaqhumi
Class 14	buyaqhuma, buqhuma	obuqhumayo, obuqhuma	buqhuma	abuqhumi	obungaqhumi	bungaqhumi
Class 15	kuyaqhuma, kuqhuma	okuqhumayo, okuqhuma	kuqhuma	akuqhumi	okungaqhumi	kungaqhumi
Class 17	kuyaqhuma, kuqhuma	okuqhumayo, okuqhuma	kuqhuma	akuqhumi	okungaqhumi	kungaqhumi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqhumile, ngiqhumē	engiqhumile, engiqhumē	ngiqhumile, ngiqhumē	angiqhumanga	engingaqhumanga	ngingaqhumanga
2nd singular	uqhumile, uqhumē	oqhumile, oqhumē	uqhumile, uqhumē	awuqhumanga	ongaqhumanga	ungaqhumanga
1st plural	siqhumile, siqhumē	esiqhumile, esiqhumē	siqhumile, siqhumē	asiqhumanga	esingaqhumanga	singaqhumanga
2nd plural	niqhumile, niqhumē	eniqhumile, eniqhumē	niqhumile, niqhumē	aniqhumanga	eningaqhumanga	ningaqhumanga
Class 1	uqhumile, uqhumē	oqhumile, oqhumē	eqhumile, eqhumē	akaqhumanga	ongaqhumanga	engaqhumanga
Class 2	baqhumile, baqhumē	abaqhumile, abaqhumē	beqhumile, beqhumē	abaqhumanga	abangaqhumanga	bengaqhumanga
Class 3	uqhumile, uqhumē	oqhumile, oqhumē	uqhumile, uqhumē	awuqhumanga	ongaqhumanga	ungaqhumanga
Class 4	iqhumile, iqhumē	eqhumile, eqhumē	iqhumile, iqhumē	ayiqhumanga	engaqhumanga	ingaqhumanga
Class 5	liqhumile, liqhumē	eliqhumile, eliqhumē	liqhumile, liqhumē	aliqhumanga	elingaqhumanga	lingaqhumanga
Class 6	aqhumile, aqhumē	aqhumile, aqhumē	eqhumile, eqhumē	awaqhumanga	angaqhumanga	engaqhumanga
Class 7	siqhumile, siqhumē	esiqhumile, esiqhumē	siqhumile, siqhumē	asiqhumanga	esingaqhumanga	singaqhumanga
Class 8	ziqhumile, ziqhumē	eziqhumile, eziqhumē	ziqhumile, ziqhumē	aziqhumanga	ezingaqhumanga	zingaqhumanga
Class 9	iqhumile, iqhumē	eqhumile, eqhumē	iqhumile, iqhumē	ayiqhumanga	engaqhumanga	ingaqhumanga
Class 10	ziqhumile, ziqhumē	eziqhumile, eziqhumē	ziqhumile, ziqhumē	aziqhumanga	ezingaqhumanga	zingaqhumanga
Class 11	luqhumile, luqhumē	oluqhumile, oluqhumē	luqhumile, luqhumē	aluqhumanga	olungaqhumanga	lungaqhumanga
Class 14	buqhumile, buqhumē	obuqhumile, obuqhumē	buqhumile, buqhumē	abuqhumanga	obungaqhumanga	bungaqhumanga
Class 15	kuqhumile, kuqhumē	okuqhumile, okuqhumē	kuqhumile, kuqhumē	akuqhumanga	okungaqhumanga	kungaqhumanga
Class 17	kuqhumile, kuqhumē	okuqhumile, okuqhumē	kuqhumile, kuqhumē	akuqhumanga	okungaqhumanga	kungaqhumanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqhuma	engāqhuma	ngāqhuma	angiqhumanga	engingaqhumanga	ngingaqhumanga
2nd singular	wāqhuma	owāqhuma	wāqhuma	awuqhumanga	ongaqhumanga	ungaqhumanga
1st plural	sāqhuma	esāqhuma	sāqhuma	asiqhumanga	esingaqhumanga	singaqhumanga
2nd plural	nāqhuma	enāqhuma	nāqhuma	aniqhumanga	eningaqhumanga	ningaqhumanga
Class 1	wāqhuma	owāqhuma	āqhuma	akaqhumanga	ongaqhumanga	engaqhumanga
Class 2	bāqhuma	abāqhuma	bāqhuma	abaqhumanga	abangaqhumanga	bengaqhumanga
Class 3	wāqhuma	owāqhuma	wāqhuma	awuqhumanga	ongaqhumanga	ungaqhumanga
Class 4	yāqhuma	eyāqhuma	yāqhuma	ayiqhumanga	engaqhumanga	ingaqhumanga
Class 5	lāqhuma	elāqhuma	lāqhuma	aliqhumanga	elingaqhumanga	lingaqhumanga
Class 6	āqhuma	āqhuma	āqhuma	awaqhumanga	angaqhumanga	engaqhumanga
Class 7	sāqhuma	esāqhuma	sāqhuma	asiqhumanga	esingaqhumanga	singaqhumanga
Class 8	zāqhuma	ezāqhuma	zāqhuma	aziqhumanga	ezingaqhumanga	zingaqhumanga
Class 9	yāqhuma	eyāqhuma	yāqhuma	ayiqhumanga	engaqhumanga	ingaqhumanga
Class 10	zāqhuma	ezāqhuma	zāqhuma	aziqhumanga	ezingaqhumanga	zingaqhumanga
Class 11	lwāqhuma	olwāqhuma	lwāqhuma	aluqhumanga	olungaqhumanga	lungaqhumanga
Class 14	bāqhuma	obāqhuma	bāqhuma	abuqhumanga	obungaqhumanga	bungaqhumanga
Class 15	kwāqhuma	okwāqhuma	kwāqhuma	akuqhumanga	okungaqhumanga	kungaqhumanga
Class 17	kwāqhuma	okwāqhuma	kwāqhuma	akuqhumanga	okungaqhumanga	kungaqhumanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqhuma	—	ngingaqhuma	ngingeqhume	—	ngingeqhume
2nd singular	ungaqhuma	—	ungaqhuma	ungeqhume	—	ungeqhume
1st plural	singaqhuma	—	singaqhuma	singeqhume	—	singeqhume
2nd plural	ningaqhuma	—	ningaqhuma	ningeqhume	—	ningeqhume
Class 1	angaqhuma	—	engaqhuma	angeqhume	—	engeqhume
Class 2	bangaqhuma	—	bengaqhuma	bangeqhume	—	bengeqhume
Class 3	ungaqhuma	—	ungaqhuma	ungeqhume	—	ungeqhume
Class 4	ingaqhuma	—	ingaqhuma	ingeqhume	—	ingeqhume
Class 5	lingaqhuma	—	lingaqhuma	lingeqhume	—	lingeqhume
Class 6	angaqhuma	—	engaqhuma	angeqhume	—	engeqhume
Class 7	singaqhuma	—	singaqhuma	singeqhume	—	singeqhume
Class 8	zingaqhuma	—	zingaqhuma	zingeqhume	—	zingeqhume
Class 9	ingaqhuma	—	ingaqhuma	ingeqhume	—	ingeqhume
Class 10	zingaqhuma	—	zingaqhuma	zingeqhume	—	zingeqhume
Class 11	lungaqhuma	—	lungaqhuma	lungeqhume	—	lungeqhume
Class 14	bungaqhuma	—	bungaqhuma	bungeqhume	—	bungeqhume
Class 15	kungaqhuma	—	kungaqhuma	kungeqhume	—	kungeqhume
Class 17	kungaqhuma	—	kungaqhuma	kungeqhume	—	kungeqhume
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqhuma	engizoqhuma	ngizoqhuma	angizuqhuma	engingezuqhuma	ngingezuqhuma
2nd singular	uzoqhuma	ozoqhuma	uzoqhuma	awuzuqhuma	ongezuqhuma	ungezuqhuma
1st plural	sizoqhuma	esizoqhuma	sizoqhuma	asizuqhuma	esingezuqhuma	singezuqhuma
2nd plural	nizoqhuma	enizoqhuma	nizoqhuma	anizuqhuma	eningezuqhuma	ningezuqhuma
Class 1	uzoqhuma	ozoqhuma	ezoqhuma	akazuqhuma	ongezuqhuma	engezuqhuma
Class 2	bazoqhuma	abazoqhuma	bezoqhuma	abazuqhuma	abangezuqhuma	bengezuqhuma
Class 3	uzoqhuma	ozoqhuma	uzoqhuma	awuzuqhuma	ongezuqhuma	ungezuqhuma
Class 4	izoqhuma	ezoqhuma	izoqhuma	ayizuqhuma	engezuqhuma	ingezuqhuma
Class 5	lizoqhuma	elizoqhuma	lizoqhuma	alizuqhuma	elingezuqhuma	lingezuqhuma
Class 6	azoqhuma	azoqhuma	ezoqhuma	awazuqhuma	angezuqhuma	engezuqhuma
Class 7	sizoqhuma	esizoqhuma	sizoqhuma	asizuqhuma	esingezuqhuma	singezuqhuma
Class 8	zizoqhuma	ezizoqhuma	zizoqhuma	azizuqhuma	ezingezuqhuma	zingezuqhuma
Class 9	izoqhuma	ezoqhuma	izoqhuma	ayizuqhuma	engezuqhuma	ingezuqhuma
Class 10	zizoqhuma	ezizoqhuma	zizoqhuma	azizuqhuma	ezingezuqhuma	zingezuqhuma
Class 11	luzoqhuma	oluzoqhuma	luzoqhuma	aluzuqhuma	olungezuqhuma	lungezuqhuma
Class 14	buzoqhuma	obuzoqhuma	buzoqhuma	abuzuqhuma	obungezuqhuma	bungezuqhuma
Class 15	kuzoqhuma	okuzoqhuma	kuzoqhuma	akuzuqhuma	okungezuqhuma	kungezuqhuma
Class 17	kuzoqhuma	okuzoqhuma	kuzoqhuma	akuzuqhuma	okungezuqhuma	kungezuqhuma
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqhuma	engiyoqhuma	ngiyoqhuma	angiyuqhuma	engingeyuqhuma	ngingeyuqhuma
2nd singular	uyoqhuma	oyoqhuma	uyoqhuma	awuyuqhuma	ongeyuqhuma	ungeyuqhuma
1st plural	siyoqhuma	esiyoqhuma	siyoqhuma	asiyuqhuma	esingeyuqhuma	singeyuqhuma
2nd plural	niyoqhuma	eniyoqhuma	niyoqhuma	aniyuqhuma	eningeyuqhuma	ningeyuqhuma
Class 1	uyoqhuma	oyoqhuma	eyoqhuma	akayuqhuma	ongeyuqhuma	engeyuqhuma
Class 2	bayoqhuma	abayoqhuma	beyoqhuma	abayuqhuma	abangeyuqhuma	bengeyuqhuma
Class 3	uyoqhuma	oyoqhuma	uyoqhuma	awuyuqhuma	ongeyuqhuma	ungeyuqhuma
Class 4	iyoqhuma	eyoqhuma	iyoqhuma	ayiyuqhuma	engeyuqhuma	ingeyuqhuma
Class 5	liyoqhuma	eliyoqhuma	liyoqhuma	aliyuqhuma	elingeyuqhuma	lingeyuqhuma
Class 6	ayoqhuma	ayoqhuma	eyoqhuma	awayuqhuma	angeyuqhuma	engeyuqhuma
Class 7	siyoqhuma	esiyoqhuma	siyoqhuma	asiyuqhuma	esingeyuqhuma	singeyuqhuma
Class 8	ziyoqhuma	eziyoqhuma	ziyoqhuma	aziyuqhuma	ezingeyuqhuma	zingeyuqhuma
Class 9	iyoqhuma	eyoqhuma	iyoqhuma	ayiyuqhuma	engeyuqhuma	ingeyuqhuma
Class 10	ziyoqhuma	eziyoqhuma	ziyoqhuma	aziyuqhuma	ezingeyuqhuma	zingeyuqhuma
Class 11	luyoqhuma	oluyoqhuma	luyoqhuma	aluyuqhuma	olungeyuqhuma	lungeyuqhuma
Class 14	buyoqhuma	obuyoqhuma	buyoqhuma	abuyuqhuma	obungeyuqhuma	bungeyuqhuma
Class 15	kuyoqhuma	okuyoqhuma	kuyoqhuma	akuyuqhuma	okungeyuqhuma	kungeyuqhuma
Class 17	kuyoqhuma	okuyoqhuma	kuyoqhuma	akuyuqhuma	okungeyuqhuma	kungeyuqhuma
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqhume	ngingaqhumi
2nd singular	uqhume	ungaqhumi
1st plural	siqhume	singaqhumi
2nd plural	niqhume	ningaqhumi
Class 1	aqhume	angaqhumi
Class 2	baqhume	bangaqhumi
Class 3	uqhume	ungaqhumi
Class 4	iqhume	ingaqhumi
Class 5	liqhume	lingaqhumi
Class 6	aqhume	angaqhumi
Class 7	siqhume	singaqhumi
Class 8	ziqhume	zingaqhumi
Class 9	iqhume	ingaqhumi
Class 10	ziqhume	zingaqhumi
Class 11	luqhume	lungaqhumi
Class 14	buqhume	bungaqhumi
Class 15	kuqhume	kungaqhumi
Class 17	kuqhume	kungaqhumi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqhuma	ngangaqhuma, angaqhuma, angangaqhuma
2nd singular	waqhuma	wangaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma
1st plural	saqhuma	sangaqhuma, asaqhuma, asangaqhuma
2nd plural	naqhuma	nangaqhuma, anaqhuma, anangaqhuma
Class 1	waqhuma	wangaqhuma, akaqhuma, akangaqhuma
Class 2	baqhuma	bangaqhuma, abaqhuma, abangaqhuma
Class 3	waqhuma	wangaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma
Class 4	yaqhuma	yangaqhuma, ayaqhuma, ayangaqhuma
Class 5	laqhuma	langaqhuma, alaqhuma, alangaqhuma
Class 6	aqhuma	angaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma
Class 7	saqhuma	sangaqhuma, asaqhuma, asangaqhuma
Class 8	zaqhuma	zangaqhuma, azaqhuma, azangaqhuma
Class 9	yaqhuma	yangaqhuma, ayaqhuma, ayangaqhuma
Class 10	zaqhuma	zangaqhuma, azaqhuma, azangaqhuma
Class 11	lwaqhuma	lwangaqhuma, alwaqhuma, alwangaqhuma
Class 14	baqhuma	bangaqhuma, abaqhuma, abangaqhuma
Class 15	kwaqhuma	kwangaqhuma, akwaqhuma, akwangaqhuma
Class 17	kwaqhuma	kwangaqhuma, akwaqhuma, akwangaqhuma

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhuma (6.3)”