qaphela

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-qaphela^?

1. (intransitive) to be careful

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃapʰéːla/

Verb

-qaphéla

1. (intransitive) to be alert, to be cautious, to be careful, to be safe, to be watchful
2. (intransitive) to pay attention
3. (transitive) to beware of, to watch out for
4. (transitive) to note, to notice

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuqaphela
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqaphela	ukungaqapheli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qaphela	-qaphele
Plural	qaphelani	-qapheleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqaphela, ngiqaphela	engiqaphelayo, engiqaphela	ngiqaphela	angiqapheli	engingaqapheli	ngingaqapheli
2nd singular	uyaqaphela, uqaphela	oqaphelayo, oqaphela	uqaphela	awuqapheli	ongaqapheli	ungaqapheli
1st plural	siyaqaphela, siqaphela	esiqaphelayo, esiqaphela	siqaphela	asiqapheli	esingaqapheli	singaqapheli
2nd plural	niyaqaphela, niqaphela	eniqaphelayo, eniqaphela	niqaphela	aniqapheli	eningaqapheli	ningaqapheli
Class 1	uyaqaphela, uqaphela	oqaphelayo, oqaphela	eqaphela	akaqapheli	ongaqapheli	engaqapheli
Class 2	bayaqaphela, baqaphela	abaqaphelayo, abaqaphela	beqaphela	abaqapheli	abangaqapheli	bengaqapheli
Class 3	uyaqaphela, uqaphela	oqaphelayo, oqaphela	uqaphela	awuqapheli	ongaqapheli	ungaqapheli
Class 4	iyaqaphela, iqaphela	eqaphelayo, eqaphela	iqaphela	ayiqapheli	engaqapheli	ingaqapheli
Class 5	liyaqaphela, liqaphela	eliqaphelayo, eliqaphela	liqaphela	aliqapheli	elingaqapheli	lingaqapheli
Class 6	ayaqaphela, aqaphela	aqaphelayo, aqaphela	eqaphela	awaqapheli	angaqapheli	engaqapheli
Class 7	siyaqaphela, siqaphela	esiqaphelayo, esiqaphela	siqaphela	asiqapheli	esingaqapheli	singaqapheli
Class 8	ziyaqaphela, ziqaphela	eziqaphelayo, eziqaphela	ziqaphela	aziqapheli	ezingaqapheli	zingaqapheli
Class 9	iyaqaphela, iqaphela	eqaphelayo, eqaphela	iqaphela	ayiqapheli	engaqapheli	ingaqapheli
Class 10	ziyaqaphela, ziqaphela	eziqaphelayo, eziqaphela	ziqaphela	aziqapheli	ezingaqapheli	zingaqapheli
Class 11	luyaqaphela, luqaphela	oluqaphelayo, oluqaphela	luqaphela	aluqapheli	olungaqapheli	lungaqapheli
Class 14	buyaqaphela, buqaphela	obuqaphelayo, obuqaphela	buqaphela	abuqapheli	obungaqapheli	bungaqapheli
Class 15	kuyaqaphela, kuqaphela	okuqaphelayo, okuqaphela	kuqaphela	akuqapheli	okungaqapheli	kungaqapheli
Class 17	kuyaqaphela, kuqaphela	okuqaphelayo, okuqaphela	kuqaphela	akuqapheli	okungaqapheli	kungaqapheli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqaphelile, ngiqaphelē	engiqaphelile, engiqaphelē	ngiqaphelile, ngiqaphelē	angiqaphelanga	engingaqaphelanga	ngingaqaphelanga
2nd singular	uqaphelile, uqaphelē	oqaphelile, oqaphelē	uqaphelile, uqaphelē	awuqaphelanga	ongaqaphelanga	ungaqaphelanga
1st plural	siqaphelile, siqaphelē	esiqaphelile, esiqaphelē	siqaphelile, siqaphelē	asiqaphelanga	esingaqaphelanga	singaqaphelanga
2nd plural	niqaphelile, niqaphelē	eniqaphelile, eniqaphelē	niqaphelile, niqaphelē	aniqaphelanga	eningaqaphelanga	ningaqaphelanga
Class 1	uqaphelile, uqaphelē	oqaphelile, oqaphelē	eqaphelile, eqaphelē	akaqaphelanga	ongaqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga
Class 2	baqaphelile, baqaphelē	abaqaphelile, abaqaphelē	beqaphelile, beqaphelē	abaqaphelanga	abangaqaphelanga	bengaqaphelanga
Class 3	uqaphelile, uqaphelē	oqaphelile, oqaphelē	uqaphelile, uqaphelē	awuqaphelanga	ongaqaphelanga	ungaqaphelanga
Class 4	iqaphelile, iqaphelē	eqaphelile, eqaphelē	iqaphelile, iqaphelē	ayiqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga	ingaqaphelanga
Class 5	liqaphelile, liqaphelē	eliqaphelile, eliqaphelē	liqaphelile, liqaphelē	aliqaphelanga	elingaqaphelanga	lingaqaphelanga
Class 6	aqaphelile, aqaphelē	aqaphelile, aqaphelē	eqaphelile, eqaphelē	awaqaphelanga	angaqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga
Class 7	siqaphelile, siqaphelē	esiqaphelile, esiqaphelē	siqaphelile, siqaphelē	asiqaphelanga	esingaqaphelanga	singaqaphelanga
Class 8	ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē	eziqaphelile, eziqaphelē	ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē	aziqaphelanga	ezingaqaphelanga	zingaqaphelanga
Class 9	iqaphelile, iqaphelē	eqaphelile, eqaphelē	iqaphelile, iqaphelē	ayiqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga	ingaqaphelanga
Class 10	ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē	eziqaphelile, eziqaphelē	ziqaphelile, ziqaphelē	aziqaphelanga	ezingaqaphelanga	zingaqaphelanga
Class 11	luqaphelile, luqaphelē	oluqaphelile, oluqaphelē	luqaphelile, luqaphelē	aluqaphelanga	olungaqaphelanga	lungaqaphelanga
Class 14	buqaphelile, buqaphelē	obuqaphelile, obuqaphelē	buqaphelile, buqaphelē	abuqaphelanga	obungaqaphelanga	bungaqaphelanga
Class 15	kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē	okuqaphelile, okuqaphelē	kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē	akuqaphelanga	okungaqaphelanga	kungaqaphelanga
Class 17	kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē	okuqaphelile, okuqaphelē	kuqaphelile, kuqaphelē	akuqaphelanga	okungaqaphelanga	kungaqaphelanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqaphela	engāqaphela	ngāqaphela	angiqaphelanga	engingaqaphelanga	ngingaqaphelanga
2nd singular	wāqaphela	owāqaphela	wāqaphela	awuqaphelanga	ongaqaphelanga	ungaqaphelanga
1st plural	sāqaphela	esāqaphela	sāqaphela	asiqaphelanga	esingaqaphelanga	singaqaphelanga
2nd plural	nāqaphela	enāqaphela	nāqaphela	aniqaphelanga	eningaqaphelanga	ningaqaphelanga
Class 1	wāqaphela	owāqaphela	āqaphela	akaqaphelanga	ongaqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga
Class 2	bāqaphela	abāqaphela	bāqaphela	abaqaphelanga	abangaqaphelanga	bengaqaphelanga
Class 3	wāqaphela	owāqaphela	wāqaphela	awuqaphelanga	ongaqaphelanga	ungaqaphelanga
Class 4	yāqaphela	eyāqaphela	yāqaphela	ayiqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga	ingaqaphelanga
Class 5	lāqaphela	elāqaphela	lāqaphela	aliqaphelanga	elingaqaphelanga	lingaqaphelanga
Class 6	āqaphela	āqaphela	āqaphela	awaqaphelanga	angaqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga
Class 7	sāqaphela	esāqaphela	sāqaphela	asiqaphelanga	esingaqaphelanga	singaqaphelanga
Class 8	zāqaphela	ezāqaphela	zāqaphela	aziqaphelanga	ezingaqaphelanga	zingaqaphelanga
Class 9	yāqaphela	eyāqaphela	yāqaphela	ayiqaphelanga	engaqaphelanga	ingaqaphelanga
Class 10	zāqaphela	ezāqaphela	zāqaphela	aziqaphelanga	ezingaqaphelanga	zingaqaphelanga
Class 11	lwāqaphela	olwāqaphela	lwāqaphela	aluqaphelanga	olungaqaphelanga	lungaqaphelanga
Class 14	bāqaphela	obāqaphela	bāqaphela	abuqaphelanga	obungaqaphelanga	bungaqaphelanga
Class 15	kwāqaphela	okwāqaphela	kwāqaphela	akuqaphelanga	okungaqaphelanga	kungaqaphelanga
Class 17	kwāqaphela	okwāqaphela	kwāqaphela	akuqaphelanga	okungaqaphelanga	kungaqaphelanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqaphela	—	ngingaqaphela	ngingeqaphele	—	ngingeqaphele
2nd singular	ungaqaphela	—	ungaqaphela	ungeqaphele	—	ungeqaphele
1st plural	singaqaphela	—	singaqaphela	singeqaphele	—	singeqaphele
2nd plural	ningaqaphela	—	ningaqaphela	ningeqaphele	—	ningeqaphele
Class 1	angaqaphela	—	engaqaphela	angeqaphele	—	engeqaphele
Class 2	bangaqaphela	—	bengaqaphela	bangeqaphele	—	bengeqaphele
Class 3	ungaqaphela	—	ungaqaphela	ungeqaphele	—	ungeqaphele
Class 4	ingaqaphela	—	ingaqaphela	ingeqaphele	—	ingeqaphele
Class 5	lingaqaphela	—	lingaqaphela	lingeqaphele	—	lingeqaphele
Class 6	angaqaphela	—	engaqaphela	angeqaphele	—	engeqaphele
Class 7	singaqaphela	—	singaqaphela	singeqaphele	—	singeqaphele
Class 8	zingaqaphela	—	zingaqaphela	zingeqaphele	—	zingeqaphele
Class 9	ingaqaphela	—	ingaqaphela	ingeqaphele	—	ingeqaphele
Class 10	zingaqaphela	—	zingaqaphela	zingeqaphele	—	zingeqaphele
Class 11	lungaqaphela	—	lungaqaphela	lungeqaphele	—	lungeqaphele
Class 14	bungaqaphela	—	bungaqaphela	bungeqaphele	—	bungeqaphele
Class 15	kungaqaphela	—	kungaqaphela	kungeqaphele	—	kungeqaphele
Class 17	kungaqaphela	—	kungaqaphela	kungeqaphele	—	kungeqaphele
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqaphela	engizoqaphela	ngizoqaphela	angizuqaphela	engingezuqaphela	ngingezuqaphela
2nd singular	uzoqaphela	ozoqaphela	uzoqaphela	awuzuqaphela	ongezuqaphela	ungezuqaphela
1st plural	sizoqaphela	esizoqaphela	sizoqaphela	asizuqaphela	esingezuqaphela	singezuqaphela
2nd plural	nizoqaphela	enizoqaphela	nizoqaphela	anizuqaphela	eningezuqaphela	ningezuqaphela
Class 1	uzoqaphela	ozoqaphela	ezoqaphela	akazuqaphela	ongezuqaphela	engezuqaphela
Class 2	bazoqaphela	abazoqaphela	bezoqaphela	abazuqaphela	abangezuqaphela	bengezuqaphela
Class 3	uzoqaphela	ozoqaphela	uzoqaphela	awuzuqaphela	ongezuqaphela	ungezuqaphela
Class 4	izoqaphela	ezoqaphela	izoqaphela	ayizuqaphela	engezuqaphela	ingezuqaphela
Class 5	lizoqaphela	elizoqaphela	lizoqaphela	alizuqaphela	elingezuqaphela	lingezuqaphela
Class 6	azoqaphela	azoqaphela	ezoqaphela	awazuqaphela	angezuqaphela	engezuqaphela
Class 7	sizoqaphela	esizoqaphela	sizoqaphela	asizuqaphela	esingezuqaphela	singezuqaphela
Class 8	zizoqaphela	ezizoqaphela	zizoqaphela	azizuqaphela	ezingezuqaphela	zingezuqaphela
Class 9	izoqaphela	ezoqaphela	izoqaphela	ayizuqaphela	engezuqaphela	ingezuqaphela
Class 10	zizoqaphela	ezizoqaphela	zizoqaphela	azizuqaphela	ezingezuqaphela	zingezuqaphela
Class 11	luzoqaphela	oluzoqaphela	luzoqaphela	aluzuqaphela	olungezuqaphela	lungezuqaphela
Class 14	buzoqaphela	obuzoqaphela	buzoqaphela	abuzuqaphela	obungezuqaphela	bungezuqaphela
Class 15	kuzoqaphela	okuzoqaphela	kuzoqaphela	akuzuqaphela	okungezuqaphela	kungezuqaphela
Class 17	kuzoqaphela	okuzoqaphela	kuzoqaphela	akuzuqaphela	okungezuqaphela	kungezuqaphela
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqaphela	engiyoqaphela	ngiyoqaphela	angiyuqaphela	engingeyuqaphela	ngingeyuqaphela
2nd singular	uyoqaphela	oyoqaphela	uyoqaphela	awuyuqaphela	ongeyuqaphela	ungeyuqaphela
1st plural	siyoqaphela	esiyoqaphela	siyoqaphela	asiyuqaphela	esingeyuqaphela	singeyuqaphela
2nd plural	niyoqaphela	eniyoqaphela	niyoqaphela	aniyuqaphela	eningeyuqaphela	ningeyuqaphela
Class 1	uyoqaphela	oyoqaphela	eyoqaphela	akayuqaphela	ongeyuqaphela	engeyuqaphela
Class 2	bayoqaphela	abayoqaphela	beyoqaphela	abayuqaphela	abangeyuqaphela	bengeyuqaphela
Class 3	uyoqaphela	oyoqaphela	uyoqaphela	awuyuqaphela	ongeyuqaphela	ungeyuqaphela
Class 4	iyoqaphela	eyoqaphela	iyoqaphela	ayiyuqaphela	engeyuqaphela	ingeyuqaphela
Class 5	liyoqaphela	eliyoqaphela	liyoqaphela	aliyuqaphela	elingeyuqaphela	lingeyuqaphela
Class 6	ayoqaphela	ayoqaphela	eyoqaphela	awayuqaphela	angeyuqaphela	engeyuqaphela
Class 7	siyoqaphela	esiyoqaphela	siyoqaphela	asiyuqaphela	esingeyuqaphela	singeyuqaphela
Class 8	ziyoqaphela	eziyoqaphela	ziyoqaphela	aziyuqaphela	ezingeyuqaphela	zingeyuqaphela
Class 9	iyoqaphela	eyoqaphela	iyoqaphela	ayiyuqaphela	engeyuqaphela	ingeyuqaphela
Class 10	ziyoqaphela	eziyoqaphela	ziyoqaphela	aziyuqaphela	ezingeyuqaphela	zingeyuqaphela
Class 11	luyoqaphela	oluyoqaphela	luyoqaphela	aluyuqaphela	olungeyuqaphela	lungeyuqaphela
Class 14	buyoqaphela	obuyoqaphela	buyoqaphela	abuyuqaphela	obungeyuqaphela	bungeyuqaphela
Class 15	kuyoqaphela	okuyoqaphela	kuyoqaphela	akuyuqaphela	okungeyuqaphela	kungeyuqaphela
Class 17	kuyoqaphela	okuyoqaphela	kuyoqaphela	akuyuqaphela	okungeyuqaphela	kungeyuqaphela
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqaphele	ngingaqapheli
2nd singular	uqaphele	ungaqapheli
1st plural	siqaphele	singaqapheli
2nd plural	niqaphele	ningaqapheli
Class 1	aqaphele	angaqapheli
Class 2	baqaphele	bangaqapheli
Class 3	uqaphele	ungaqapheli
Class 4	iqaphele	ingaqapheli
Class 5	liqaphele	lingaqapheli
Class 6	aqaphele	angaqapheli
Class 7	siqaphele	singaqapheli
Class 8	ziqaphele	zingaqapheli
Class 9	iqaphele	ingaqapheli
Class 10	ziqaphele	zingaqapheli
Class 11	luqaphele	lungaqapheli
Class 14	buqaphele	bungaqapheli
Class 15	kuqaphele	kungaqapheli
Class 17	kuqaphele	kungaqapheli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqaphela	ngangaqaphela, angaqaphela, angangaqaphela
2nd singular	waqaphela	wangaqaphela, awaqaphela, awangaqaphela
1st plural	saqaphela	sangaqaphela, asaqaphela, asangaqaphela
2nd plural	naqaphela	nangaqaphela, anaqaphela, anangaqaphela
Class 1	waqaphela	wangaqaphela, akaqaphela, akangaqaphela
Class 2	baqaphela	bangaqaphela, abaqaphela, abangaqaphela
Class 3	waqaphela	wangaqaphela, awaqaphela, awangaqaphela
Class 4	yaqaphela	yangaqaphela, ayaqaphela, ayangaqaphela
Class 5	laqaphela	langaqaphela, alaqaphela, alangaqaphela
Class 6	aqaphela	angaqaphela, awaqaphela, awangaqaphela
Class 7	saqaphela	sangaqaphela, asaqaphela, asangaqaphela
Class 8	zaqaphela	zangaqaphela, azaqaphela, azangaqaphela
Class 9	yaqaphela	yangaqaphela, ayaqaphela, ayangaqaphela
Class 10	zaqaphela	zangaqaphela, azaqaphela, azangaqaphela
Class 11	lwaqaphela	lwangaqaphela, alwaqaphela, alwangaqaphela
Class 14	baqaphela	bangaqaphela, abaqaphela, abangaqaphela
Class 15	kwaqaphela	kwangaqaphela, akwaqaphela, akwangaqaphela
Class 17	kwaqaphela	kwangaqaphela, akwaqaphela, akwangaqaphela

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qaphela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qaphela (3.2.9)”