psg

See also: PSG

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːsakʼ/ → /ˈpaːsakʼ/ → /ˈpaːkʼəs/ → /ˈpoːkʼəs/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːsakʼ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːsakʼ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːkʼəs/, with metathesis
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpoːkʼəs/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛsɛɡ/
  • Conventional anglicization: peseg

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive or transitive) to spit on (someone or something) (+ m: to spit on with (spittle, fire, etc.))
   1. (intransitive (with r, ḥr, or n) or transitive) to spit on (something sick) in order to heal it [since the Pyramid Texts]
   2. (transitive) to spit on (a person) out of contempt [Middle Kingdom literature]
   3. (transitive) to spit on (something) in order to harm it [New Kingdom to Late Period]
   4. (intransitive, with r or ḥr) to spit on (Apophis or a representation of Apophis)
2. (transitive) to spit out (+ m ḫt: to contemptuously spit out behind (something))

Inflection

Conjugation of psg (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: psg, geminated stem: psgg

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
psg	psgw, psg	psgt	psg	psg

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
psg	ḥr psg	m psg	r psg

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	psg.n	psgw, psg	consecutive	psg.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	psgt
perfective3	psg	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	psg.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	psg	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	psg	psgg	potentialis1	psg.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	psg	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	psg.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	psg	active + .tj1, .tw2	psg	psg, psgw5, psgy5
imperfective	psg, psgy, psgw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	psg, psgj6, psgy6	psg, psgw5
prospective	psg, psgtj7	—	psgtj4, psgt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Since the 18th Dynasty, this word is found metathesized as pgs.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of psg  

psg	psg	psgꜣ	psg	pgs	pgꜣs
[Pyramid Texts]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]
					in hieratic

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲱϭⲥ (pōcs)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 555.4–555.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 95