proférer

See also: proferer

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin proferō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʁɔ.fe.ʁe/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

proférer

1. (transitive) to utter, intonate, say emphatically

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written proférer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written profèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of proférer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	proférer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	proférant /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		proféré /pʁɔ.fe.ʁe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	profère /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/	profères /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/	profère /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/	proférons /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɔ̃/	proférez /pʁɔ.fe.ʁe/	profèrent /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/
	imperfect	proférais /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɛ/	proférais /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɛ/	proférait /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɛ/	proférions /pʁɔ.fe.ʁjɔ̃/	profériez /pʁɔ.fe.ʁje/	proféraient /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɛ/
	past historic2	proférai /pʁɔ.fe.ʁe/	proféras /pʁɔ.fe.ʁa/	proféra /pʁɔ.fe.ʁa/	proférâmes /pʁɔ.fe.ʁam/	proférâtes /pʁɔ.fe.ʁat/	proférèrent /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɛʁ/
	future	profèrerai or proférerai /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁe/	profèreras or proféreras /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁa/	profèrera or proférera /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁa/	profèrerons or proférerons /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/	profèrerez or proférerez /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁe/	profèreront or proféreront /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	profèrerais or proférerais /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁɛ/	profèrerais or proférerais /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁɛ/	profèrerait or proférerait /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁɛ/	profèrerions or proférerions /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/	profèreriez or proféreriez /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁje/	profèreraient or proféreraient /pʁɔ.fɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.fe.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	profère /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/	profères /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/	profère /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/	proférions /pʁɔ.fe.ʁjɔ̃/	profériez /pʁɔ.fe.ʁje/	profèrent /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/
	imperfect2	proférasse /pʁɔ.fe.ʁas/	proférasses /pʁɔ.fe.ʁas/	proférât /pʁɔ.fe.ʁa/	proférassions /pʁɔ.fe.ʁa.sjɔ̃/	proférassiez /pʁɔ.fe.ʁa.sje/	proférassent /pʁɔ.fe.ʁas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	profère /pʁɔ.fɛʁ/	—	proférons /pʁɔ.fe.ʁɔ̃/	proférez /pʁɔ.fe.ʁe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “proférer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.