poenydio

Welsh

Etymology

Possibly from penydio (“to punish, to torment”) influenced by poen (“pain”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /pɔɨ̯ˈnədjɔ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /pɔi̯ˈnədjɔ/

Verb

poenydio (first-person singular present poenydiaf)

1. to torture, to torment

   Synonyms: arteithio, diboeni

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	poenydiiaf	poenydii	poenydiia	poenydiiwn	poenydiiwch	poenydiiant	poenydiir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	poenydiiwn	poenydiit	poenydiiai	poenydiiem	poenydiiech	poenydiient	poenydiid
preterite	poenydiiais	poenydiiaist	poenydiiodd	poenydiiasom	poenydiiasoch	poenydiiasant	poenydiiwyd
pluperfect	poenydiiaswn	poenydiiasit	poenydiiasai	poenydiiasem	poenydiiasech	poenydiiasent	poenydiiasid, poenydiiesid
present subjunctive	poenydiiwyf	poenydiiech	poenydiio	poenydiiom	poenydiioch	poenydiiont	poenydiier
imperative	—	poenydiia	poenydiied	poenydiiwn	poenydiiwch	poenydiient	poenydiier
verbal noun	poenydio
verbal adjectives	poenydiiedig poenydiiadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	poenydia i, poenydiaf i	poenydi di	poenydith o/e/hi, poenydiff e/hi	poenydiwn ni	poenydiwch chi	poenydian nhw
conditional	poenydiwn i, poenydswn i	poenydiet ti, poenydset ti	poenydiai fo/fe/hi, poenydsai fo/fe/hi	poenydien ni, poenydsen ni	poenydiech chi, poenydsech chi	poenydien nhw, poenydsen nhw
preterite	poenydiais i, poenydies i	poenydiaist ti, poenydiest ti	poenydiodd o/e/hi	poenydion ni	poenydioch chi	poenydion nhw
imperative	—	poenydia	—	—	poenydiwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• poenydiwr (“tormentor, torturer”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of poenydio

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
poenydio	boenydio	mhoenydio	phoenydio

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “poenydio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies