pinjam

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay pinjam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hinzam, a variant of *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam. The appearance of the sound /p/ at the beginning of a word is most likely due to the addition of a prefix per-.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpind͡ʒam/ [ˈpin.d͡ʒam]
• Rhymes: -ind͡ʒam
• Syllabification: pin‧jam

Verb

pinjam

1. (transitive) to borrow

Conjugation

Conjugation of pinjam (meng-, intransitive)
Root	pinjam
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Basic / Imperative	Emphatic / Jussive
Active	meminjam	terpinjam	dipinjam	pinjam	pinjamlah
Locative	meminjami	terpinjami	dipinjami	pinjami	pinjamilah
Causative / Applicative1	meminjamkan	terpinjamkan	dipinjamkan	pinjamkan	pinjamkanlah
	Causative
Active	memperpinjam	terperpinjam	diperpinjam	perpinjam	perpinjamlah
Locative	memperpinjami	terperpinjami	diperpinjami	perpinjami	perpinjamilah
Causative / Applicative1	memperpinjamkan	terperpinjamkan	diperpinjamkan	perpinjamkan	perpinjamkanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• meminjam
• meminjami
• meminjamkan
• peminjam
• peminjaman
• pinjam-meminjam
• pinjaman
• pinjami
• pinjamkan

Further reading

• “pinjam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From a prefixed form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hinzam, a variant of *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pind͡ʒam/
• Rhymes: -am

Verb

pinjam (Jawi spelling ڤينجم)

1. to borrow

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• peminjam [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• peminjaman [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• pinjaman [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• pinjamkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• pinjami [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
• meminjam [agent focus] (meN-)
• meminjamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• meminjami [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• dipinjam [patient focus] (di-)
• dipinjamkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• dipinjami [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
• terpinjam [agentless action] (teR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: pinjam
• → Tok Pisin: piga

Further reading

• “pinjam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.