pinjam

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay pinjam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hinzam, a variant of *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam. The appearance of the sound /p/ at the beginning of a word is most likely due to the addition of a prefix per-.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpind͡ʒam/ [ˈpin.d͡ʒam]
• Rhymes: -ind͡ʒam
• Syllabification: pin‧jam

Verb

pinjam

1. (transitive) to borrow

Conjugation

Conjugation of pinjam (meng-, intransitive)

root	pinjam
	active	reflective passive	ordinary passive	imperative	emphatic / jussive
	ordinary
active	meminjam	terpinjam	dipinjam	pinjam	pinjamlah
locative	meminjami	terpinjami	dipinjami	pinjami	pinjamilah
perfective causative / applicative1	meminjamkan	terpinjamkan	dipinjamkan	pinjamkan	pinjamkanlah
	causative
active	memperpinjam	terperpinjam	diperpinjam	perpinjam	perpinjamlah
locative	memperpinjami	terperpinjami	diperpinjami	perpinjami	perpinjamilah
perfective causative / applicative1	memperpinjamkan	terperpinjamkan	diperpinjamkan	perpinjamkan	perpinjamkanlah

¹ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• dipinjam
• dipinjami
• dipinjamkan
• meminjam
• meminjami
• meminjamkan
• peminjam
• peminjaman
• pinjam-meminjam
• pinjaman
• pinjami
• pinjamkan

• pinjam mengganti
• pinjam pakai

Further reading

• “pinjam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From a prefixed form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hinzam, a variant of *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam. Compare Tagalog hirám (“borrowing”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pind͡ʒam/
• Rhymes: -am

Verb

pinjam (Jawi spelling ڤينجم)

1. to borrow

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• peminjam [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• peminjaman [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• pinjaman [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• pinjamkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• pinjami [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
• meminjam [agent focus] (meN-)
• meminjamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• meminjami [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• dipinjam [patient focus] (di-)
• dipinjamkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• dipinjami [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
• terpinjam [agentless action] (teR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: pinjam
• → Tok Pisin: piga

Further reading

• “pinjam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.