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peior

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: pejor

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ped-yōs (“to the ground, downward”), from *ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”); compare pessimus (“worst”). Michiel de Vaan notes that a similar phonetic change *[dj]/[jd] > *[j] can be observed in the etymology of caelum (“chisel”) and caia (“cudgel”) from Proto-Italic *kaid(s)lo- and *kaidjā- respectively. Cognate to pēs, pessum.

Pronunciation

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  • (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈpei̯.i̯or/, [ˈpɛi̯ːɔr]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpe.jor/, [ˈpɛːjor]
  • The first syllable contains a short vowel followed by a long (double) consonantal -i-. For the purpose of Latin scansion, this forms a long syllable. Although many dictionaries mark vowels in this context with a macron, the vowel itself is not long.[1]

Adjective

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peior (comparative, neuter peius); third declension

  1. comparative degree of malus; worse
    Synonym: deterior, nequior

Declension

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Third-declension comparative adjective.

singular plural
masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter
nominative peior peius peiōrēs peiōra
genitive peiōris peiōrum
dative peiōrī peiōribus
accusative peiōrem peius peiōrēs
peiōrīs 		peiōra
ablative peiōre
peiōrī 		peiōribus
vocative peior peius peiōrēs peiōra

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: peggiore
    • Sicilian: pijuri
  • North Italian:
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance:
  • Borrowings:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Nishimura, Kanehiro (2011) “Notes on Glide Treatment in Latin Orthography and Phonology: -iciō, servus, aiō”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics, volume 124, page 193:
    It is well known that Latin orthography tends to avoid gemination of ⟨i⟩ for two successive i̯-glides [...] The most classic case may be maior 'larger'; its phonological representation is /mai̯i̯or/ [...] the provision of a macron (i.e., māior, as if the vowel were long) in order to display the syllable weight — the way common in a number of grammar books and dictionaries — is utterly misleading in that it disguises the phonological reality. The same is true of another comparative adjective peior 'worse' (< *ped-i̯os-, via *-di̯- > -i̯i̯-)

Further reading

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  • “peior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “peiior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pessum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 463
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “caedō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 79–80

Old French

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Alternative forms

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alternative forms

Etymology

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From Latin peiōrem, accusative singular of peior. The nominative form, pire (whence modern French pire) derives from the Latin nominative.

Adjective

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peior (oblique singular, nominative singular pire)

  1. worse; comparative degree of mal
  2. worst; superlative degree of mal

Declension

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Case masculine feminine neuter
singular subject pire, pyre, piere, peior peiore pis
oblique peior peiore peior
plural subject peior peiores peior
oblique peiors peiores peior

Antonyms

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Descendants

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  • French: pire (from nominative form)

References

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Portuguese

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Adjective

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peior m or f (plural peiores)

  1. Obsolete spelling of pior.

Adverb

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peior

  1. Obsolete spelling of pior.
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