pardduo
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /parˈðɨː.ɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /parˈðiː.ɔ/
Verb
[edit]pardduo (first-person singular present pardduaf)
- (transitive) to cover with soot, to blacken
- Synonym: duo
- Trwy ddweud hyn, rydych yn pardduo enw da pobl yr ardal.
- In saying this, you are blackening the good name of the people in the area.
- (intransitive) to become black, to blacken
- Synonym: duo
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | pardduaf | parddui | parddua | pardduwn | pardduwch | pardduant | pardduir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
pardduwn | pardduit | pardduai | pardduem | pardduech | pardduent | pardduid | |
| preterite | pardduais | pardduaist | pardduodd | pardduasom | pardduasoch | pardduasant | pardduwyd | |
| pluperfect | pardduaswn | pardduasit | pardduasai | pardduasem | pardduasech | pardduasent | pardduasid, pardduesid | |
| present subjunctive | pardduwyf | pardduych | pardduo | pardduom | pardduoch | pardduont | pardduer | |
| imperative | — | parddua | parddued | pardduwn | pardduwch | pardduent | pardduer | |
| verbal noun | pardduo | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | pardduedig pardduadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | parddua i, pardduaf i | parddui di | pardduith o/e/hi, pardduiff e/hi | pardduwn ni | pardduwch chi | pardduan nhw |
| conditional | pardduwn i, pardduswn i | pardduet ti, pardduset ti | pardduai fo/fe/hi, parddusai fo/fe/hi | pardduen ni, parddusen ni | pardduech chi, parddusech chi | pardduen nhw, parddusen nhw |
| preterite | pardduais i, parddues i | pardduaist ti, pardduest ti | pardduodd o/e/hi | pardduon ni | pardduoch chi | pardduon nhw |
| imperative | — | parddua | — | — | pardduwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| pardduo | bardduo | mhardduo | phardduo |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pardduo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies