paraveredus

Latin

Alternative forms

• paraveridus, paravaredus, paraverendus, paravendus
• paraferedus, parafredus (Medieval Latin)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek παρά (pará) +‎ verēdus, perhaps an analogical formation to parhippus from Ancient Greek πάριππος (párippos). Cf. epiraedium (“cart, barrow”), similarly formed of a Greek prefix and a Gaulish root, which may indicate a Gallo-Greek provenance in both cases.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /pa.ra.u̯eˈreː.dus/, [päräu̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pa.ra.veˈre.dus/, [päräveˈrɛːd̪us]

Noun

paraverēdus m (genitive paraverēdī); second declension

1. (Late Latin) a horse for travel off public roads or to out of the way places
   1. (specifically) a gift of palfrey (such a horse offered as a tribute by provincials to visiting public officials)

Usage notes

Often found alongside (par)angaria.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	paraverēdus	paraverēdī
genitive	paraverēdī	paraverēdōrum
dative	paraverēdō	paraverēdīs
accusative	paraverēdum	paraverēdōs
ablative	paraverēdō	paraverēdīs
vocative	paraverēde	paraverēdī

Related terms

• verēdārius
• verēdus

Descendants

• Old French: palefreid, palefrei, palefroi, palefroid
  • → Middle Dutch: palefroot
    • Dutch: palefroot
  • → Middle English: palfrey
    • English: palfrey
  • Middle French: palefroy
    • French: palefroi
• Old Occitan: palafré
  • Catalan: palafrè, palafré (Valencia)
  • → Galician: palafrén
  • → Italian: palafreno
  • → Portuguese: palafrém
  • → Spanish: palafrén
• → Ancient Greek: παραβέρεδος (parabéredos)
• → Proto-West Germanic: *parafred (see there for further descendants)

References

• “paraverēdus” in volume 10, part 1, column 323, line 73 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13)‎^[1] (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN, page 6
• An Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages - Friedrich Diez, Friedrich Christian

Further reading

• “paraveredus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• paraveredus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.