paṭhamapurisa
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- paṭhama purisa (Latin script)
- 𑀧𑀞𑀫 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- पठम पुरिस (Devanagari script)
- পঠম পুরিস (Bengali script)
- පඨම පුරිස (Sinhalese script)
- ပဌမ ပုရိသ or ပꩧမ ပုရိသ (Burmese script)
- ปฐม ปุริส or ปะฐะมะ ปุริสะ (Thai script)
- ᨷᨮᨾ ᨷᩩᩁᩥᩈ (Tai Tham script)
- ປຐມ ປຸຣິສ or ປະຐະມະ ປຸຣິສະ (Lao script)
- បឋម បុរិស (Khmer script)
- 𑄛𑄒𑄟 𑄛𑄪𑄢𑄨𑄥 (Chakma script)
Etymology
[edit]Calque of Sanskrit प्रथमपुरुष (prathamapuruṣa, “third person”), compounded as karmadhāraya compound of paṭhama (“first”) + purisa (“person”). The uncompounded form also exists.
Noun
[edit]paṭhamapurisa m
- (grammar) third person
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][1] (overall work in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
- Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
- With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][2] (overall work in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- नामम्हि पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्ज्मानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे पठमो पुरिसो होति।
- Nāmamhi payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe paṭhamo puriso hoti.
- The third person is used when in agreement with a noun be it expressed or unexpressed.
Usage notes
[edit]This word may be freely decomposed into its components and recomposed, as in the example paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ above.
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "paṭhamapurisa" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | paṭhamapuriso | paṭhamapurisā |
| Accusative (second) | paṭhamapurisaṃ | paṭhamapurise |
| Instrumental (third) | paṭhamapurisena | paṭhamapurisehi or paṭhamapurisebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | paṭhamapurisassa or paṭhamapurisāya or paṭhamapurisatthaṃ | paṭhamapurisānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | paṭhamapurisasmā or paṭhamapurisamhā or paṭhamapurisā | paṭhamapurisehi or paṭhamapurisebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | paṭhamapurisassa | paṭhamapurisānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | paṭhamapurisasmiṃ or paṭhamapurisamhi or paṭhamapurise | paṭhamapurisesu |
| Vocative (calling) | paṭhamapurisa | paṭhamapurisā |