pꜣḫd

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɑxɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: pakhed

Verb

 4-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) turned upside down, to be(come) inverted
2. (intransitive) to be(come) overthrown, defeated
   • c. 1208 B.C.E., Merneptah Stele, line 26:

     wrw p(ꜣ)ḫd ḥr ḏd šꜣrm

     The overthrown princes are saying ‘Peace!’

Inflection

Conjugation of pꜣḫd (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: pꜣḫd

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural pꜣḫd pꜣḫdw, pꜣḫd pꜣḫdt pꜣḫd pꜣḫd ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 pꜣḫd ḥr pꜣḫd m pꜣḫd r pꜣḫd suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect pꜣḫd.n consecutive pꜣḫd.jn terminative pꜣḫdt perfective3 pꜣḫd obligative1 pꜣḫd.ḫr imperfective pꜣḫd prospective3 pꜣḫdw, pꜣḫd potentialis1 pꜣḫd.kꜣ subjunctive pꜣḫd verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect pꜣḫd.n — — perfective pꜣḫd pꜣḫd pꜣḫd, pꜣḫdw5, pꜣḫdy5 imperfective pꜣḫd, pꜣḫdy, pꜣḫdw5 pꜣḫd, pꜣḫdj6, pꜣḫdy6 pꜣḫd, pꜣḫdw5 prospective pꜣḫd, pꜣḫdtj7 pꜣḫdwtj1 4, pꜣḫdtj4, pꜣḫdt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 207.