ncela

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-ncela

(intransitive) to suck
Synonym: -munca

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuncela
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuncela	ukunganceli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	ncela	-ncele
Plural	ncelani	-nceleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyancela, ngincela	engincelayo, engincela	ngincela	anginceli	enginganceli	nginganceli
2nd singular	uyancela, uncela	oncelayo, oncela	uncela	awunceli	onganceli	unganceli
1st plural	siyancela, sincela	esincelayo, esincela	sincela	asinceli	esinganceli	singanceli
2nd plural	niyancela, nincela	enincelayo, enincela	nincela	aninceli	eninganceli	ninganceli
Class 1	uyancela, uncela	oncelayo, oncela	encela	akanceli	onganceli	enganceli
Class 2	bayancela, bancela	abancelayo, abancela	bencela	abanceli	abanganceli	benganceli
Class 3	uyancela, uncela	oncelayo, oncela	uncela	awunceli	onganceli	unganceli
Class 4	iyancela, incela	encelayo, encela	incela	ayinceli	enganceli	inganceli
Class 5	liyancela, lincela	elincelayo, elincela	lincela	alinceli	elinganceli	linganceli
Class 6	ayancela, ancela	ancelayo, ancela	encela	awanceli	anganceli	enganceli
Class 7	siyancela, sincela	esincelayo, esincela	sincela	asinceli	esinganceli	singanceli
Class 8	ziyancela, zincela	ezincelayo, ezincela	zincela	azinceli	ezinganceli	zinganceli
Class 9	iyancela, incela	encelayo, encela	incela	ayinceli	enganceli	inganceli
Class 10	ziyancela, zincela	ezincelayo, ezincela	zincela	azinceli	ezinganceli	zinganceli
Class 11	luyancela, luncela	oluncelayo, oluncela	luncela	alunceli	olunganceli	lunganceli
Class 14	buyancela, buncela	obuncelayo, obuncela	buncela	abunceli	obunganceli	bunganceli
Class 15	kuyancela, kuncela	okuncelayo, okuncela	kuncela	akunceli	okunganceli	kunganceli
Class 17	kuyancela, kuncela	okuncelayo, okuncela	kuncela	akunceli	okunganceli	kunganceli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngincelile, ngincelē	engincelile, engincelē	ngincelile, ngincelē	angincelanga	engingancelanga	ngingancelanga
2nd singular	uncelile, uncelē	oncelile, oncelē	uncelile, uncelē	awuncelanga	ongancelanga	ungancelanga
1st plural	sincelile, sincelē	esincelile, esincelē	sincelile, sincelē	asincelanga	esingancelanga	singancelanga
2nd plural	nincelile, nincelē	enincelile, enincelē	nincelile, nincelē	anincelanga	eningancelanga	ningancelanga
Class 1	uncelile, uncelē	oncelile, oncelē	encelile, encelē	akancelanga	ongancelanga	engancelanga
Class 2	bancelile, bancelē	abancelile, abancelē	bencelile, bencelē	abancelanga	abangancelanga	bengancelanga
Class 3	uncelile, uncelē	oncelile, oncelē	uncelile, uncelē	awuncelanga	ongancelanga	ungancelanga
Class 4	incelile, incelē	encelile, encelē	incelile, incelē	ayincelanga	engancelanga	ingancelanga
Class 5	lincelile, lincelē	elincelile, elincelē	lincelile, lincelē	alincelanga	elingancelanga	lingancelanga
Class 6	ancelile, ancelē	ancelile, ancelē	encelile, encelē	awancelanga	angancelanga	engancelanga
Class 7	sincelile, sincelē	esincelile, esincelē	sincelile, sincelē	asincelanga	esingancelanga	singancelanga
Class 8	zincelile, zincelē	ezincelile, ezincelē	zincelile, zincelē	azincelanga	ezingancelanga	zingancelanga
Class 9	incelile, incelē	encelile, encelē	incelile, incelē	ayincelanga	engancelanga	ingancelanga
Class 10	zincelile, zincelē	ezincelile, ezincelē	zincelile, zincelē	azincelanga	ezingancelanga	zingancelanga
Class 11	luncelile, luncelē	oluncelile, oluncelē	luncelile, luncelē	aluncelanga	olungancelanga	lungancelanga
Class 14	buncelile, buncelē	obuncelile, obuncelē	buncelile, buncelē	abuncelanga	obungancelanga	bungancelanga
Class 15	kuncelile, kuncelē	okuncelile, okuncelē	kuncelile, kuncelē	akuncelanga	okungancelanga	kungancelanga
Class 17	kuncelile, kuncelē	okuncelile, okuncelē	kuncelile, kuncelē	akuncelanga	okungancelanga	kungancelanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāncela	engāncela	ngāncela	angincelanga	engingancelanga	ngingancelanga
2nd singular	wāncela	owāncela	wāncela	awuncelanga	ongancelanga	ungancelanga
1st plural	sāncela	esāncela	sāncela	asincelanga	esingancelanga	singancelanga
2nd plural	nāncela	enāncela	nāncela	anincelanga	eningancelanga	ningancelanga
Class 1	wāncela	owāncela	āncela	akancelanga	ongancelanga	engancelanga
Class 2	bāncela	abāncela	bāncela	abancelanga	abangancelanga	bengancelanga
Class 3	wāncela	owāncela	wāncela	awuncelanga	ongancelanga	ungancelanga
Class 4	yāncela	eyāncela	yāncela	ayincelanga	engancelanga	ingancelanga
Class 5	lāncela	elāncela	lāncela	alincelanga	elingancelanga	lingancelanga
Class 6	āncela	āncela	āncela	awancelanga	angancelanga	engancelanga
Class 7	sāncela	esāncela	sāncela	asincelanga	esingancelanga	singancelanga
Class 8	zāncela	ezāncela	zāncela	azincelanga	ezingancelanga	zingancelanga
Class 9	yāncela	eyāncela	yāncela	ayincelanga	engancelanga	ingancelanga
Class 10	zāncela	ezāncela	zāncela	azincelanga	ezingancelanga	zingancelanga
Class 11	lwāncela	olwāncela	lwāncela	aluncelanga	olungancelanga	lungancelanga
Class 14	bāncela	obāncela	bāncela	abuncelanga	obungancelanga	bungancelanga
Class 15	kwāncela	okwāncela	kwāncela	akuncelanga	okungancelanga	kungancelanga
Class 17	kwāncela	okwāncela	kwāncela	akuncelanga	okungancelanga	kungancelanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingancela	—	ngingancela	ngingencele	—	ngingencele
2nd singular	ungancela	—	ungancela	ungencele	—	ungencele
1st plural	singancela	—	singancela	singencele	—	singencele
2nd plural	ningancela	—	ningancela	ningencele	—	ningencele
Class 1	angancela	—	engancela	angencele	—	engencele
Class 2	bangancela	—	bengancela	bangencele	—	bengencele
Class 3	ungancela	—	ungancela	ungencele	—	ungencele
Class 4	ingancela	—	ingancela	ingencele	—	ingencele
Class 5	lingancela	—	lingancela	lingencele	—	lingencele
Class 6	angancela	—	engancela	angencele	—	engencele
Class 7	singancela	—	singancela	singencele	—	singencele
Class 8	zingancela	—	zingancela	zingencele	—	zingencele
Class 9	ingancela	—	ingancela	ingencele	—	ingencele
Class 10	zingancela	—	zingancela	zingencele	—	zingencele
Class 11	lungancela	—	lungancela	lungencele	—	lungencele
Class 14	bungancela	—	bungancela	bungencele	—	bungencele
Class 15	kungancela	—	kungancela	kungencele	—	kungencele
Class 17	kungancela	—	kungancela	kungencele	—	kungencele
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoncela	engizoncela	ngizoncela	angizuncela	engingezuncela	ngingezuncela
2nd singular	uzoncela	ozoncela	uzoncela	awuzuncela	ongezuncela	ungezuncela
1st plural	sizoncela	esizoncela	sizoncela	asizuncela	esingezuncela	singezuncela
2nd plural	nizoncela	enizoncela	nizoncela	anizuncela	eningezuncela	ningezuncela
Class 1	uzoncela	ozoncela	ezoncela	akazuncela	ongezuncela	engezuncela
Class 2	bazoncela	abazoncela	bezoncela	abazuncela	abangezuncela	bengezuncela
Class 3	uzoncela	ozoncela	uzoncela	awuzuncela	ongezuncela	ungezuncela
Class 4	izoncela	ezoncela	izoncela	ayizuncela	engezuncela	ingezuncela
Class 5	lizoncela	elizoncela	lizoncela	alizuncela	elingezuncela	lingezuncela
Class 6	azoncela	azoncela	ezoncela	awazuncela	angezuncela	engezuncela
Class 7	sizoncela	esizoncela	sizoncela	asizuncela	esingezuncela	singezuncela
Class 8	zizoncela	ezizoncela	zizoncela	azizuncela	ezingezuncela	zingezuncela
Class 9	izoncela	ezoncela	izoncela	ayizuncela	engezuncela	ingezuncela
Class 10	zizoncela	ezizoncela	zizoncela	azizuncela	ezingezuncela	zingezuncela
Class 11	luzoncela	oluzoncela	luzoncela	aluzuncela	olungezuncela	lungezuncela
Class 14	buzoncela	obuzoncela	buzoncela	abuzuncela	obungezuncela	bungezuncela
Class 15	kuzoncela	okuzoncela	kuzoncela	akuzuncela	okungezuncela	kungezuncela
Class 17	kuzoncela	okuzoncela	kuzoncela	akuzuncela	okungezuncela	kungezuncela
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoncela	engiyoncela	ngiyoncela	angiyuncela	engingeyuncela	ngingeyuncela
2nd singular	uyoncela	oyoncela	uyoncela	awuyuncela	ongeyuncela	ungeyuncela
1st plural	siyoncela	esiyoncela	siyoncela	asiyuncela	esingeyuncela	singeyuncela
2nd plural	niyoncela	eniyoncela	niyoncela	aniyuncela	eningeyuncela	ningeyuncela
Class 1	uyoncela	oyoncela	eyoncela	akayuncela	ongeyuncela	engeyuncela
Class 2	bayoncela	abayoncela	beyoncela	abayuncela	abangeyuncela	bengeyuncela
Class 3	uyoncela	oyoncela	uyoncela	awuyuncela	ongeyuncela	ungeyuncela
Class 4	iyoncela	eyoncela	iyoncela	ayiyuncela	engeyuncela	ingeyuncela
Class 5	liyoncela	eliyoncela	liyoncela	aliyuncela	elingeyuncela	lingeyuncela
Class 6	ayoncela	ayoncela	eyoncela	awayuncela	angeyuncela	engeyuncela
Class 7	siyoncela	esiyoncela	siyoncela	asiyuncela	esingeyuncela	singeyuncela
Class 8	ziyoncela	eziyoncela	ziyoncela	aziyuncela	ezingeyuncela	zingeyuncela
Class 9	iyoncela	eyoncela	iyoncela	ayiyuncela	engeyuncela	ingeyuncela
Class 10	ziyoncela	eziyoncela	ziyoncela	aziyuncela	ezingeyuncela	zingeyuncela
Class 11	luyoncela	oluyoncela	luyoncela	aluyuncela	olungeyuncela	lungeyuncela
Class 14	buyoncela	obuyoncela	buyoncela	abuyuncela	obungeyuncela	bungeyuncela
Class 15	kuyoncela	okuyoncela	kuyoncela	akuyuncela	okungeyuncela	kungeyuncela
Class 17	kuyoncela	okuyoncela	kuyoncela	akuyuncela	okungeyuncela	kungeyuncela
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngincele	nginganceli
2nd singular	uncele	unganceli
1st plural	sincele	singanceli
2nd plural	nincele	ninganceli
Class 1	ancele	anganceli
Class 2	bancele	banganceli
Class 3	uncele	unganceli
Class 4	incele	inganceli
Class 5	lincele	linganceli
Class 6	ancele	anganceli
Class 7	sincele	singanceli
Class 8	zincele	zinganceli
Class 9	incele	inganceli
Class 10	zincele	zinganceli
Class 11	luncele	lunganceli
Class 14	buncele	bunganceli
Class 15	kuncele	kunganceli
Class 17	kuncele	kunganceli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngancela	ngangancela, angancela, angangancela
2nd singular	wancela	wangancela, awancela, awangancela
1st plural	sancela	sangancela, asancela, asangancela
2nd plural	nancela	nangancela, anancela, anangancela
Class 1	wancela	wangancela, akancela, akangancela
Class 2	bancela	bangancela, abancela, abangancela
Class 3	wancela	wangancela, awancela, awangancela
Class 4	yancela	yangancela, ayancela, ayangancela
Class 5	lancela	langancela, alancela, alangancela
Class 6	ancela	angancela, awancela, awangancela
Class 7	sancela	sangancela, asancela, asangancela
Class 8	zancela	zangancela, azancela, azangancela
Class 9	yancela	yangancela, ayancela, ayangancela
Class 10	zancela	zangancela, azancela, azangancela
Class 11	lwancela	lwangancela, alwancela, alwangancela
Class 14	bancela	bangancela, abancela, abangancela
Class 15	kwancela	kwangancela, akwancela, akwangancela
Class 17	kwancela	kwangancela, akwancela, akwangancela

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ncela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ncela (6.3)”