napellus

Latin

Etymology

nāpus +‎ -ellus. Apparently fabricated independently once after the vernaculars in Spain denoting their local subspecies Aconitum napellus subsp. castellanum, whereas in general the plant was unknown in Southern Europe and hence to the Romans, see distribution of subspecies on German Wikipedia, thereafter only to some alpine subspecies later learned in Northwestern Italy, and once in Northern France to denote a turnip.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /naːˈpel.lus/, [näːˈpɛlːʲʊs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /naˈpel.lus/, [näˈpɛlːus]

Noun

nāpellus m (genitive nāpellī); second declension

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) monkshood (Aconitum napellus)
some variety of turnip (Brassica napus), navew

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	nāpellus	nāpellī
genitive	nāpellī	nāpellōrum
dative	nāpellō	nāpellīs
accusative	nāpellum	nāpellōs
ablative	nāpellō	nāpellīs
vocative	nāpelle	nāpellī

Derived terms

nāpellīnus

Descendants

Italo-Romance:
- → Italian: napello, nappello
Padanian:
- → Piedmontese: napel
- → Lombard: mapél
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: navel, naveau
  - Middle French: navel, naveau
    - → English: navew, naphew
- → Middle French: napel
  - French: napel
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- → Catalan: napel
- → Provençal: napel
Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: nabiellu
- Leonese: nabieyo, nabiello, nabizuela, nabilla, nabiechu, nabietsu
- → Portuguese: napello
- Old Spanish: napelo, nabiello, nabillo
- Mozarabic: نَبَّال (nabaːāl /⁠nabél, napél⁠/), نَبْيَال (/⁠nabiél, napiél⁠/), نَبَالُّه (nabāluːh /⁠nabélo, napélo⁠/), نَبْيَالُّه (/⁠nabiélo, napiélo⁠/), نَبِيلُّه (/⁠nabélo, napélo⁠/)
  - → Andalusian Arabic: نبر (/⁠népar⁠/)^{[n 1]}
  - → Spanish: anapélo, anapelo, napélo, napelo^{[n 2]}
English: napelline

References

napellus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Genaust, Helmut (1996) “napellus”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen (in German), 3^rd edition, Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, →ISBN, pages 408–409
أبو الخير الإشبيلي [Abū al-Ḵayr al-ʾIšbīliyy] (1179) Joaquín Bustamante, Federico Corriente y Mohand Tilmatine, editor, كتاب عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات لكل لبيب [Libro base del médico para el conocimiento de la botánica por todo experto] (Fuentes Arábico-Hispanas), volume I, Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, published 2004, page 351 Nr. 3049: “نبياله: بعمعنى لُفَيْت، هو نوع من اللفت البرّي السلجم، وهذا النوع قتّال، وقد وصفناه في ل، وله زهر يُعرف بالأثيلة. ― /nabiélo, napiélo/ in the meaning of a small turnip: It is a species of wild rape turnip, and this species is deadly, and we have described it under lām already, and it has flowers known as ʔVṯīla”
أبو الخير الإشبيلي [Abū al-Ḵayr al-ʾIšbīliyy] (1179) Joaquín Bustamante, Federico Corriente y Mohand Tilmatine, editor, كتاب عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات لكل لبيب [Libro base del médico para el conocimiento de la botánica por todo experto] (Fuentes Arábico-Hispanas), volume III, Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, published 2010, page 600
Simonet, Francisco Javier (1888) Glosario de voces ibéricas y latinas usadas entre los mozárabes (in Spanish), Madrid: Establecimiento tipográfico de Fortanet, page 395

^ Only in transcription of Pedro de Alcalá, 1505 edition unnumbered page 46, Lagarde’s print page 101 s.v. anapelo yerua, thence under these consonants also in Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 520.
^ Or partially inherited from Old Castilian or reborrowed from Latin. We have to presume that Arabic authors don’t accurately mention the agglutinated Arabic article in Mozarabic transcriptions, which Mozarabic speakers used due to bilingualism, in the same fashion that less linguistically interested authors in botanical literature don’t mark the language as opposed to the origin of a plant-name distinctly.

[1] Only in transcription of Pedro de Alcalá, 1505 edition unnumbered page 46, Lagarde’s print page 101 s.v. anapelo yerua, thence under these consonants also in Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 520.

[2] Or partially inherited from Old Castilian or reborrowed from Latin. We have to presume that Arabic authors don’t accurately mention the agglutinated Arabic article in Mozarabic transcriptions, which Mozarabic speakers used due to bilingualism, in the same fashion that less linguistically interested authors in botanical literature don’t mark the language as opposed to the origin of a plant-name distinctly.

[n 1]

[n 2]