naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ
Navajo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, thematic) + -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -KǪ́Ǫ́’, “to swim”).
Verb
[edit]naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ
- he/she goes swimming, is swimming about
- (in the perfective) he/she swam to a location and swam back
Conjugation
[edit]Paradigm: Continuative (∅/si).
| imperfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | naʼashkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | naʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ |
| 2nd person | naʼíłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | naʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ |
| 3rd person | naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | |
| 4th person | nʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | |
| perfective | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | niʼséłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | niʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ |
| 2nd person | niʼsíníłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | niʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ |
| 3rd person | naʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ | |
| 4th person | nʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ | ndaʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ | |
| future | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | nʼdeeshkǫǫł | nʼdiilkǫǫł | ndaʼdiilkǫǫł |
| 2nd person | nʼdííłkǫǫł | nʼdoołkǫǫł | ndaʼdoołkǫǫł |
| 3rd person | nʼdoołkǫǫł | ndaʼdoołkǫǫł | |
| 4th person | nizhʼdoołkǫǫł | ndazhʼdoołkǫǫł | |
Verbal stems
[edit]- IMPERFECTIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ
- PERFECTIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ
- FUTURE: -kǫǫł
- ITERATIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́h
- OPTATIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ