nšp

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare Hebrew נָשַׁף (nāšap̄, “to exhale, to blow”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃap/ → /ˈnaːʃap/ → /ˈnaːʃəp/ → /ˈnoːʃəp/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃap/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃap/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃəp/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnoːʃəp/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛʃɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: neshep

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to breathe
2. (intransitive) to breathe heavily, to pant
3. (transitive) to breathe (air)
4. (transitive) to smell (a scent)
5. (transitive) to make breathe

Inflection

Conjugation of nšp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nšp, geminated stem: nšpp

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural nšp nšpw, nšp nšpt nšp nšp ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 nšp ḥr nšp m nšp r nšp suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect nšp.n nšpw, nšp consecutive nšp.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative nšpt perfective3 nšp active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 nšp.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective nšp active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 nšp nšpp potentialis1 nšp.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive nšp active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect nšp.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective nšp active + .tj1, .tw2 nšp nšp, nšpw5, nšpy5 imperfective nšp, nšpy, nšpw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 nšp, nšpj6, nšpy6 nšp, nšpw5 prospective nšp, nšptj7 — nšptj4, nšpt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nšp  

nšsp

[Greco-Roman Period]

Descendants

• Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϣⲡ (noušp)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 339.1–339.8
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 140