można

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See also: možná and możną

Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio 1:(file)
  • Audio 2:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔʐna
  • Syllabification: moż‧na

Etymology 1

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Ellipsis of (jest) rzecz można, literally, [the] thing (is) possible.[1][2] First attested in the 16th century as the original phrase, but in common usage only as of the 17th century as a verb.[3][4] Compare Czech možná. More at możny.

Verb

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można impf (defective)

  1. (intransitive) it is possible; one can (used to express possibility)
    Antonym: nie sposób
    Można to robić w domu.You can do it at home./It can be done at home.
  2. (intransitive) it is possible; one is allowed
    Synonym: wolno
    Antonym: nie wolno
Conjugation
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Descendants
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  • Belarusian: мо́жна (móžna) (through Middle Polish)
  • Russian: мо́жно (móžno) (through Middle Polish)
  • Silesian: możno (through Middle Polish)
  • Ukrainian: мо́жна (móžna) (through Middle Polish)

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), można is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 187 times in scientific texts, 57 times in news, 129 times in essays, 97 times in fiction, and 140 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 606 times, making it the 75th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

Etymology 2

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From możny +‎ -a.

Noun

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można f (male equivalent możny)

  1. (nominalized, archaic) female equivalent of możny (powerful and influential person)
Declension
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Adjective

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można

  1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of możny

References

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  1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “możny”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “można”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  3. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “możny”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  4. ^ MOŻNA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2022 June 3
  5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “można”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 256

Further reading

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