mꜥkꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology

Suggested to be connected with kꜣj (“to plan, to think”), but this remains questionable.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɑːkɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: maka

Verb

 4-lit.

1. (intransitive) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 28–30:

     mꜣ.sn pt mꜣ.sn tꜣ mꜥkꜣ jb.sn r mꜣ(j)w

     (Whether) they saw sky or they saw land, their minds were more observant than lions.

   1. to be(come) observant or attentive
   2. to be(come) brave

Inflection

Conjugation of mꜥkꜣ (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: mꜥkꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
mꜥkꜣ	mꜥkꜣw, mꜥkꜣ	mꜥkꜣt	mꜥkꜣ	mꜥkꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
mꜥkꜣ	ḥr mꜥkꜣ	m mꜥkꜣ	r mꜥkꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	mꜥkꜣ.n	consecutive	mꜥkꜣ.jn
terminative	mꜥkꜣt
perfective3	mꜥkꜣ	obligative1	mꜥkꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	mꜥkꜣ
prospective3	mꜥkꜣw, mꜥkꜣ	potentialis1	mꜥkꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	mꜥkꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	mꜥkꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	mꜥkꜣ	mꜥkꜣ	mꜥkꜣ, mꜥkꜣw5, mꜥkꜣy5
imperfective	mꜥkꜣ, mꜥkꜣy, mꜥkꜣw5	mꜥkꜣ, mꜥkꜣj6, mꜥkꜣy6	mꜥkꜣ, mꜥkꜣw5
prospective	mꜥkꜣ, mꜥkꜣtj7	mꜥkꜣwtj1 4, mꜥkꜣtj4, mꜥkꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 84.
• Allen, James Peter (2015) Middle Egyptian Literature: Eight Literary Works of the Middle Kingdom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 16
• Graefe, Erhart (2013) “mkꜣ „aufmerksam sein“, „erkennen“ und der ramessidische Gebetsanruf mkꜣ.tw ḫft sḏm.tw” in Decorum and Experience: Essays in Ancient Culture for John Baines, Oxford, pages 43–46.