kinoid

English

Etymology

From (cyto)kine +‎ -oid, modelled on toxoid. Coined by Bernard Bizzini and A. Achour in 1995.

Noun

kinoid (plural kinoids)

1. (immunology) An immunogenic preparation containing a biologically inactivated cytokine, used experimentally as a form of vaccination to induce the production of antibodies against overproduced cytokines in several immune-related conditions (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, AIDS and Crohn's disease).
   • [1995 May 1, Bernard Bizzini, A. Achour, “"Kinoids": the basis for anticytokine immunization and their use in HIV infection”, in Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), volume 41, number 3, →PMID, pages 351–356:

     For this purpose, IFN alpha was chemically converted into a biologically inactive, but still immunogenic product, which we termed “kinoid”, reminiscent of that of bacterial toxins which have been transformed into toxoids for vaccination. […] Active “kinoid” immunization should permit to counteract the overproduction of the corresponding cytokine when involved in pathogenesis.]

   • 2013 February, Bernard R. Lauwerys, Eric Hachulla, François Spertini et al., “Down-regulation of interferon signature in systemic lupus erythematosus patients by active immunization with interferon α–kinoid”, in Arthritis & Rheumatism, volume 65, number 2, →DOI, page 448:

     We are currently developing IFNα–kinoid (IFN-K) as an alternative treatment for SLE. Kinoids are composed of inactivated cytokines conjugated to a carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and are then injected as an emulsion with an adjuvant. In animal studies, immunization with kinoids induces high titers of polyclonal neutralizing antibodies against the targeted cytokine[.]