kesal

Indonesian

Etymology

From Javanese ꦏꦼꦱꦼꦭ꧀ (kesel, “tired”), from Old Javanese kĕsĕl (“tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; sad, distressed”). Doublet of sesal.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /kəˈsal/ [kəˈsal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: ke‧sal

Verb

kêsal

1. to annoy

Conjugation

Conjugation of kesal (meng-, absolute intransitive)

root	kesal
	active	involuntary	passive	basic / imperative	emphatic / jussive
active	mengesal	terkesal		kesal	kesallah
locative	mengesali	terkesali	dikesali	kesali	kesalilah
causative / applicative1	mengesalkan	terkesalkan	dikesalkan	kesalkan	kesalkanlah
	causative
active	memperkesal	terperkesal	diperkesal	perkesal	perkesallah
locative	memperkesali	terperkesali	diperkesali	perkesali	perkesalilah
causative / applicative1	memperkesalkan	terperkesalkan	diperkesalkan	perkesalkan	perkesalkanlah

¹ The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• kekesalan

Further reading

• “kesal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.