kalʹlʹua
Votic
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kalʹlʹua
Inflection
[edit]| Conjugation of kalʹlʹua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kalʹlʹun | en kalʹlʹu | 1st singular | õõn kalʹlʹunnu | en õõ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 2nd singular | kalʹlʹud | ed kalʹlʹu | 2nd singular | õõd kalʹlʹunnu | ed õõ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 3rd singular | kalʹlʹub | eb kalʹlʹu | 3rd singular | on kalʹlʹunnu | eb õõ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 1st plural | kalʹlʹummõ | emmä kalʹlʹu | 1st plural | õõmmõ kalʹlʹunnu | emmä õõ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 2nd plural | kalʹlʹuttõ | että kalʹlʹu | 2nd plural | õõttõ kalʹlʹunnu | että õõ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 3rd plural | kalʹlʹuta | eväd kalʹlʹu | 3rd plural | õlla kalʹlʹuttu | eväd õõ kalʹlʹuttu |
| impersonal | kalʹlʹuta | eväd kalʹlʹu | impersonal | õlla kalʹlʹuttu | eväd õõ kalʹlʹuttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kalʹlʹuzin | en kalʹlʹunnu | 1st singular | õlin kalʹlʹunnu | — |
| 2nd singular | kalʹlʹuzid | ed kalʹlʹunnu | 2nd singular | õlid kalʹlʹunnu | — |
| 3rd singular | kalʹlʹu | eb kalʹlʹunnu | 3rd singular | õli kalʹlʹunnu | — |
| 1st plural | kalʹlʹuzimmõ | emmä kalʹlʹunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ kalʹlʹunnu | — |
| 2nd plural | kalʹlʹuzittõ | että kalʹlʹunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ kalʹlʹunnu | — |
| 3rd plural | kalʹlʹutti | eväd kalʹlʹuttu | 3rd plural | õlti kalʹlʹuttu | — |
| impersonal | kalʹlʹutti | eväd kalʹlʹuttu | impersonal | õlti kalʹlʹuttu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kalʹlʹuizin | en kalʹlʹuizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin kalʹlʹunnu | en õllõizʹ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 2nd singular | kalʹlʹuizid | ed kalʹlʹuizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid kalʹlʹunnu | ed õllõizʹ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 3rd singular | kalʹlʹuizʹ | eb kalʹlʹuizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ kalʹlʹunnu | eb õllõizʹ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 1st plural | kalʹlʹuizimmõ | emmä kalʹlʹuizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ kalʹlʹunnu | emmä õllõizʹ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 2nd plural | kalʹlʹuizittõ | että kalʹlʹuizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ kalʹlʹunnu | että õllõizʹ kalʹlʹunnu |
| 3rd plural | kalʹlʹuttaizʹ | eväd kalʹlʹuttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ kalʹlʹuttu | eväd õltaizʹ kalʹlʹuttu |
| impersonal | kalʹlʹuttaizʹ | eväd kalʹlʹuttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ kalʹlʹuttu | eväd õltaizʹ kalʹlʹuttu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | kalʹlʹu | elä kalʹlʹu | |||
| 3rd singular | kalʹlʹugo1) | elko kalʹlʹugo1) | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | kalʹlʹuga | elka kalʹlʹuga | |||
| 3rd plural | kalʹlʹugod1) | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | kalʹlʹua | present | kalʹlʹujõ2) | — | |
| 2nd | illative | kalʹlʹuma | past | kalʹlʹunnu | kalʹlʹuttu |
| inessive | kalʹlʹumõz | 1) using la is more common 2) also used as the agent noun | |||
| elative | kalʹlʹumõssõ | ||||
| abessive | kalʹlʹumõttõ | ||||
References
[edit]- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “kalʹlʹua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn