károg
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]An onomatopoeia + -og (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]károg
- (intransitive) to caw (to make the harsh cry of a crow, rook, or raven)
- (transitive, figuratively, literary, of a person) to croak, grumble (to speak menacingly with sinister threats about unpleasant consequences or problems to be expected)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of károg
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | károgok | károgsz | károg | károgunk | károgtok | kárognak | |
Def. | károgom | károgod | károgja | károgjuk | károgjátok | károgják | |||
2nd-p. o. | károglak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | károgtam | károgtál | károgott | károgtunk | károgtatok | károgtak | ||
Def. | károgtam | károgtad | károgta | károgtuk | károgtátok | károgták | |||
2nd-p. o. | károgtalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. károgni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | károgék | károgál | károga | károgánk | károgátok | károgának | ||
Def. | károgám | károgád | károgá | károgánk | károgátok | károgák | |||
2nd-p. o. | károgálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. károg vala, károgott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | károgandok | károgandasz | károgand | károgandunk | károgandotok | károgandanak | ||
Def. | károgandom | károgandod | károgandja | károgandjuk | károgandjátok | károgandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | károgandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kárognék | kárognál | károgna | kárognánk | kárognátok | kárognának | |
Def. | kárognám | kárognád | károgná | kárognánk (or kárognók) |
kárognátok | kárognák | |||
2nd-p. o. | kárognálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. károgott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | károgjak | károgj or károgjál |
károgjon | károgjunk | károgjatok | károgjanak | |
Def. | károgjam | károgd or károgjad |
károgja | károgjuk | károgjátok | károgják | |||
2nd-p. o. | károgjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. károgott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | károgni | kárognom | kárognod | kárognia | kárognunk | kárognotok | károgniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
károgás | károgó | károgott | károgandó | károgva (károgván) | károgtat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of károg
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | károghatok | károghatsz | károghat | károghatunk | károghattok | károghatnak | |
Def. | károghatom | károghatod | károghatja | károghatjuk | károghatjátok | károghatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | károghatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | károghattam | károghattál | károghatott | károghattunk | károghattatok | károghattak | ||
Def. | károghattam | károghattad | károghatta | károghattuk | károghattátok | károghatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | károghattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | károghaték | károghatál | károghata | károghatánk | károghatátok | károghatának | ||
Def. | károghatám | károghatád | károghatá | károghatánk | károghatátok | károghaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | károghatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. károghat vala, károghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | károghatandok or károgandhatok |
károghatandasz or károgandhatsz |
károghatand or károgandhat |
károghatandunk or károgandhatunk |
károghatandotok or károgandhattok |
károghatandanak or károgandhatnak | ||
Def. | károghatandom or károgandhatom |
károghatandod or károgandhatod |
károghatandja or károgandhatja |
károghatandjuk or károgandhatjuk |
károghatandjátok or károgandhatjátok |
károghatandják or károgandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | károghatandalak or károgandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | károghatnék | károghatnál | károghatna | károghatnánk | károghatnátok | károghatnának | |
Def. | károghatnám | károghatnád | károghatná | károghatnánk (or károghatnók) |
károghatnátok | károghatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | károghatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. károghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | károghassak | károghass or károghassál |
károghasson | károghassunk | károghassatok | károghassanak | |
Def. | károghassam | károghasd or károghassad |
károghassa | károghassuk | károghassátok | károghassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | károghassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. károghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (károghatni) | (károghatnom) | (károghatnod) | (károghatnia) | (károghatnunk) | (károghatnotok) | (károghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | károgható | Neg. adj. | károghatatlan | Adv. part. | (károghatva / károghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ károg in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- károg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN