jtḥ

See also: jth

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːtaħ/ → /ˈjaːtaħ/ → /ˈʔaːtəħ/ → /ˈʔoːtəħ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːtaħ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaːtaħ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔaːtəħ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔoːtəħ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /itɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: iteh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to pull

Inflection

Conjugation of jtḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jtḥ, geminated stem: jtḥḥ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural jtḥ jtḥw, jtḥ jtḥt jtḥ jtḥ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 jtḥ ḥr jtḥ m jtḥ r jtḥ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect jtḥ.n jtḥw, jtḥ consecutive jtḥ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative jtḥt perfective3 jtḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 jtḥ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective jtḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 jtḥ jtḥḥ potentialis1 jtḥ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive jtḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect jtḥ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective jtḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 jtḥ jtḥ, jtḥw5, jtḥy5 imperfective jtḥ, jtḥy, jtḥw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 jtḥ, jtḥj6, jtḥy6 jtḥ, jtḥw5 prospective jtḥ, jtḥtj7 — jtḥtj4, jtḥt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Coptic: ⲱⲧϩ (ōth)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 189, 274.