jꜣrrt

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Vycichl assumes defective writing, with an unrepresented consonant j:

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaʀˈlaljat/ → /jaʀˈlaljaʔ/ → /ʔaˈlaʔla/ → /ʔaˈlaʔlə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaʀˈlaljat/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaʀˈlaljaʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlaʔla/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlaʔlə/

Allen instead suggests the word is properly jrꜣrt, with the order of consonants changed for calligraphic reasons; Peust gives an analogous solution, though he posits metathesis rather than calligraphic reasons. In this case one can reconstruct:

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈlaʀlat/ → /jaˈlaʀlaʔ/ → /ʔaˈlaʔla/ → /ʔaˈlaʔlə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈlaʀlat/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈlaʀlaʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlaʔla/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlaʔlə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑrɛrɛt/
  • Conventional anglicization: iareret

Noun

 f

1. (collective) grapes
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 47–48:

     gm.n.j dꜣbw jꜣrrt jm jꜣqt nbt špst

     I found figs and grapes there, and splendid vegetables of all kinds.

2. grape

Descendants

• Demotic: ꜣlly
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲗⲁⲁⲗⲉ (elaale), ⲉⲗⲁⲗⲉ (elale)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟⲗⲓ (aloli)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲁⲁⲗⲓ (alaali), ⲁⲗⲁⲗⲓ (alali), ⲉⲗⲁⲁⲗⲓ (elaali), ⲓⲗⲁⲗⲓ (ilali)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲗⲁⲗⲉ (elale)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ (eloole)
  • → Ancient Greek: -ελολις (-elolis), -ελλωλις (-ellōlis)

Noun

 f

1. vine, grapevine

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣrrt  

jꜣrjrt	jrrt
	[18th Dynasty]

Descendants

See above.

References

• “jꜣrr.wt (lemma ID 20830)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 32.12–32.14
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 9