jꜣd

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑd/
  • Conventional anglicization: iad

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to suffer
2. (intransitive) to experience a lack or deficiency (+ ḥr: of)
3. (transitive) to torment, to hurt, to make suffer

Inflection

Conjugation of jꜣd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jꜣd, geminated stem: jꜣdd

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural jꜣd jꜣdw, jꜣd jꜣdt jꜣd jꜣd ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 jꜣd ḥr jꜣd m jꜣd r jꜣd suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect jꜣd.n jꜣdw, jꜣd consecutive jꜣd.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative jꜣdt perfective3 jꜣd active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 jꜣd.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective jꜣd active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 jꜣd jꜣdd potentialis1 jꜣd.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive jꜣd active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect jꜣd.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective jꜣd active + .tj1, .tw2 jꜣd jꜣd, jꜣdw5, jꜣdy5 imperfective jꜣd, jꜣdy, jꜣdw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 jꜣd, jꜣdj6, jꜣdy6 jꜣd, jꜣdw5 prospective jꜣd, jꜣdtj7 — jꜣdtj4, jꜣdt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣd  

jꜣd

Derived terms

• jꜣdw

Noun

 m

1. Alternative form of jꜣdw (“pestilence”)

Inflection

Declension of jꜣd (masculine)

singular	jꜣd
dual	jꜣdwj
plural	jꜣdw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣd  

jꜣd	jꜣd	jꜣd
[18th Dynasty]	[18th Dynasty]	[Late Egyptian]

References

• “jꜣd (lemma ID 21140)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 35.9–35.12
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 9