jšš

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iʃɛʃ/
  • Conventional anglicization: ishesh

Verb

 2ae gem.

1. (transitive) to carry (here), to bring out [Book of the Dead and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of jšš (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: jš, geminated stem: jšš

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jšš8	jšš	jššt	jšš, jš	jšš, jš

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jšš, jš	ḥr jšš	m jšš	r jšš

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jšš.n, jš.n	jš	consecutive	jš.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jššt
perfective3	jš	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jšš.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jšš	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jšš	jšš	potentialis1	jš.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jš	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jš.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jš	active + .tj1, .tw2	jš	jš, jšw5, jšy5
imperfective	jšš, jššy, jššw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jšš, jššj6, jššy6	jšš, jššw5
prospective	jš, jštj7	—	jšštj4, jššt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. jš before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jšš  

jšš	jšš
[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Verb

 2ae gem.

1. (transitive) to spit or sneeze out

Usage notes

Used chiefly in the context of old religious texts, and particularly in the Heliopolitan cosmogony to describe the creation of the god Shu from Atum’s spit.

Possibly both verbs jšš are mere graphical variants of each other, with a basic meaning of ‘to transport out’.

Inflection

Conjugation of jšš (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: jš, geminated stem: jšš

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jšš8	jšš	jššt	jšš, jš	jšš, jš

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jšš, jš	ḥr jšš	m jšš	r jšš

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jšš.n, jš.n	jš	consecutive	jš.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jššt
perfective3	jš	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jšš.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jšš	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jšš	jšš	potentialis1	jš.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jš	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jš.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jš	active + .tj1, .tw2	jš	jš, jšw5, jšy5
imperfective	jšš, jššy, jššw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jšš, jššj6, jššy6	jšš, jššw5
prospective	jš, jštj7	—	jšštj4, jššt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. jš before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jšš  

jšš	jšš
	[New Kingdom]

Noun

 m

1. spittle
2. anything spat out

Inflection

Declension of jšš (masculine)

singular	jšš
dual	jššwj
plural	jššw

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Noun

 m

1. image [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of jšš (masculine)

singular	jšš
dual	jššwj
plural	jššw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 135.14–135.16, 136.1–136.2
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 148.