ingérer

French

Etymology

From Latin ingere.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁe/
Audio: (file)
Audio (Canada): (file)

Verb

ingérer

to ingest, to swallow
(reflexive, s'ingérer) to interfere in, to meddle with

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written ingérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written ingèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of ingérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	ingérer
present participle or gerund¹	simple	ingérant /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		ingéré /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	ingère /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/	ingères /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/	ingère /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/	ingérons /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɔ̃/	ingérez /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁe/	ingèrent /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/
	imperfect	ingérais /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɛ/	ingérais /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɛ/	ingérait /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɛ/	ingérions /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁjɔ̃/	ingériez /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁje/	ingéraient /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɛ/
	past historic²	ingérai /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁe/	ingéras /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁa/	ingéra /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁa/	ingérâmes /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁam/	ingérâtes /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁat/	ingérèrent /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɛʁ/
	future	ingèrerai or ingérerai /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁe/	ingèreras or ingéreras /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁa/	ingèrera or ingérera /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁa/	ingèrerons or ingérerons /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/	ingèrerez or ingérerez /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁe/	ingèreront or ingéreront /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	ingèrerais or ingérerais /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/	ingèrerais or ingérerais /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/	ingèrerait or ingérerait /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/	ingèrerions or ingérerions /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/	ingèreriez or ingéreriez /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁje/	ingèreraient or ingéreraient /ɛ̃.ʒɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	ingère /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/	ingères /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/	ingère /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/	ingérions /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁjɔ̃/	ingériez /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁje/	ingèrent /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	ingérasse /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁas/	ingérasses /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁas/	ingérât /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁa/	ingérassions /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁa.sjɔ̃/	ingérassiez /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁa.sje/	ingérassent /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	ingère /ɛ̃.ʒɛʁ/	—	ingérons /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁɔ̃/	ingérez /ɛ̃.ʒe.ʁe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

ingérence

Related terms

ingestion

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