infernus

Latin

Etymology

Formed analogically (superus : supernus = īnferus : X).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /inˈfer.nus/, [ĩːˈfɛrnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈfer.nus/, [iɱˈfɛrnus]

Adjective

īnfernus (feminine īnferna, neuter īnfernum); first/second-declension adjective

1. of the lower regions
2. infernal, hellish

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	īnfernus	īnferna	īnfernum		īnfernī	īnfernae	īnferna
genitive	īnfernī	īnfernae	īnfernī		īnfernōrum	īnfernārum	īnfernōrum
dative	īnfernō	īnfernae	īnfernō		īnfernīs
accusative	īnfernum	īnfernam	īnfernum		īnfernōs	īnfernās	īnferna
ablative	īnfernō	īnfernā	īnfernō		īnfernīs
vocative	īnferne	īnferna	īnfernum		īnfernī	īnfernae	īnferna

Descendants

• Catalan: infern
• Dalmatian: infiarn
• Istriot: infierno
• Italian: inferno
  • → Dutch: inferno
  • → English: inferno
  • → German: Inferno
  • → Italiot Greek: ινφιέρνο (infiérno)
  • → Norwegian: inferno
  • → Swedish: inferno
  • → Romanian: infern
• Old French: enfer, enfern
  • French: enfer
  • Norman: enfé
  • Walloon: infier
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: infiernu
• Old Occitan: enfern
  • Occitan: infèrn, in·hèrn
• Old Galician-Portuguese: inferno, iferno
  • Galician: inferno
  • Portuguese: inferno
• Old Spanish: infierno
  • Spanish: infierno
    • → Cebuano: impiyerno
    • → Tagalog: impiyerno
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: infiêr
  • Romansch: enfiern
• Sardinian: iferru, iférru, ifernu
• Sicilian: nfernu, infernu
  • → Maltese: infern
• → Albanian: ferr
• → Old Saxon: infern
• → Proto-Brythonic: *ifern
  • Old Breton: iffernn
    • Middle Breton: ifern, iffern, infern
      • Breton: ifern, Gwenedeg ihuern
  • Middle Welsh: uffern
    • Welsh: uffern
  • → Old Irish: ifernn
    • Irish: ifreann
    • Scottish Gaelic: ifrinn
    • Manx: niurin

Noun

• A clipping of the phrase īnfernus locus ("the nether place")

īnfernus m (genitive īnfernī); second declension

1. the underworld, the netherworld
2. the hell

   Synonyms: gehenna, īnferna

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	īnfernus	īnfernī
genitive	īnfernī	īnfernōrum
dative	īnfernō	īnfernīs
accusative	īnfernum	īnfernōs
ablative	īnfernō	īnfernīs
vocative	īnferne	īnfernī

References

• “infernus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “infernus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• infernus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• infernus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016