indurate

English

Pronunciation

• (verb) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (adjective) IPA^(key): /ɪnˈdjʊɹət/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

Verb

indurate (third-person singular simple present indurates, present participle indurating, simple past and past participle indurated)

1. To harden or to grow hard.
   • 1924, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Billy Budd‎^[1], London: Constable & Co.:

     The ear, small and shapely, the arch of the foot, the curve in mouth and nostril, even the indurated hand dyed to the orange-tawny of the toucan's bill, a hand telling alike of the halyards and tar-bucket […] all this strangely indicated a lineage in direct contradiction to his lot.

   • 1970, Oliver Sacks, chapter 1, in Migraine, London: Picador, published 1995, page 15:

     The superficial temporal artery (or arteries) may become exquisitely tender to the touch and visibly indurated.

2. To make callous or unfeeling.
   • 1801, Helen Maria Williams, Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in the French ..., Volume 1‎^[2]:

     Oh, no ! it is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart — the revolutionary impulse is too swift to admit of a pause at the sight of individual misery — the tempest is too loud to hear the wailings of the wretch that perishes beneath its billows […]

3. To inure; to strengthen; to make hardy or robust.
   • 1992, Saul Bellow, “Winter in Tuscany”, in It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future, New York: Viking, published 1994, page 257:

     The afternoon was not particularly warm: our noses and eyes were running; his were dry. He was evidently indurated against natural hardships.

Synonyms

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• inure
• (harden): See also Thesaurus:harden
• (strengthen): See also Thesaurus:strengthen

Derived terms

• induration
• indurative

Translations

To harden

• Bulgarian: втвърдявам се (vtvǎrdjavam se)
• French: indurer (fr)
• German: härten (de), verhärten (de), festigen (de), verfestigen (de)

To make callous or unfeeling

• Bulgarian: закоравявам (bg) (zakoravjavam)
• German: abhärten (de), unempfindlich machen

Adjective

indurate (comparative more indurate, superlative most indurate)

1. Hardened.

   The doctor removed a lot of indurate skin from his wound.

2. Obstinate, unfeeling, callous.
   • 1528 October 12 (Gregorian calendar), William Tyndale, “A Compendious Rehersall of That Which Goeth Before”, in The Obediẽce of a Christen Man […], [Antwerp]: [Johannes Hoochstraten], →OCLC, folio clvj, recto:

     Now are they indurate ⁊ tough as Pharao ⁊ will not bow vnto any ryghte waie oꝛ oꝛdꝛe.

References

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “indurate”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

Anagrams

• daturine, ruinated, urinated

Italian

Etymology 1

Verb

indurate

1. inflection of indurare:
   1. second-person plural present indicative
   2. second-person plural imperative

Etymology 2

Participle

indurate f pl

1. feminine plural of indurato

Anagrams

• denaturi

Latin

Participle

indūrāte

1. vocative masculine singular of indūrātus