immimgaib

Old Irish

Etymology

From imm- (“around”) +‎ gaibid (“to take”). The prefix imm- is reduplicated in deuterotonic forms. Occasional spellings with imc-, suggesting the pronunciation /imɡ-/, lead Pedersen and Thurneysen to suggest the original form may have been imm- +‎ uss- +‎ gaibid.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [imʲˈimɣaβʲ]

Verb

imm·imgaib (prototonic ·imgaib, verbal noun imgabáil)

to avoid, evade, shun
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51^b10
  In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
  When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

Inflection

Complex, class B II present, s preterite, é future, a subjunctive
		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	1st pl	2nd pl	3rd pl
present indicative	deut.	imm·imgabaim		im·imgaib
present indicative	prot.	·imgabaim		·imgaib

imperfect indicative	deut.
imperfect indicative	prot.

preterite	deut.
preterite	prot.

perfect	deut.						im·rimgabsat
perfect	prot.

future	deut.
future	prot.	·imgéb		·imgeba

conditional	deut.
conditional	prot.

present subjunctive	deut.	imme·n-ingaib (nasal relative)		im·n-imgaba (nasal relative)	imme·n-imgabam (nasal relative)		imm·imgabat
present subjunctive	prot.			·imgaba			·imgabat

past subjunctive	deut.			imme·n-imgabad (nasal relative)
past subjunctive	prot.

imperative			imcaib; imma·n-imcab (with infixed pronoun a-)			imgabaid

verbal noun		imgabáil
past participle
verbal of necessity		imcabthi, imgabthi

Descendants

Middle Irish: imgaibid
- Irish: imghabh

Mutation

Mutation of *immimgaib*
radical	lenition	nasalization
imm·imgaib (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	imm·n-imgaib

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 734.11, page 531
^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 543, page 351; reprinted 2017