hydronium

English

A 3D model of a hydronium ion

Etymology

From hydro- +‎ onium.

Noun

hydronium (plural hydroniums)

1. (inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry) The hydrated hydrogen ion, H₃O⁺.
   • 1996, Richard I. Masel, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, Wiley, page 148:

     The case of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) is an example of this. In the gase^[sic] phase, hydronium is a weak acid. The data in Table 3.10 indicates that bare hydronium ions have a higher electron affinity than most metal surfaces, so a bare hydronium ion should be neutralized when it absorbs on a bare metal surface. However, a hydrated hydronium ion is a stronger acid.

   • 2006, Johanna Holm, Forgotten Chemistry: A Refresher Course, Barron's Educational Series, page 160:

     Acids are compounds that produce hydronium ions when mixed with water. […] The hydronium ion is a very special ion because it is the defining particle of all acids.

   • 2016, Philippe Deprez, Textbook of Chemical Peels: Superficial, Medium, and Deep Peels in Cosmetic Practice, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 48:

     Hydronium is not a way of stabilizing an acid, because the structure itself is so quickly transient that it can be considered as not existing.

   • 2016, Andrés G. Muñoz, Photoelectrochemical Solar Conversion Systems: Molecular and Electronic Aspects‎^[1], Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 206:

     There is experimental evidence for the formation of coordination groups of hydroniums with several water molecules by hydrogen bridges.

Usage notes

• May also be defined as the simplest of a class of oxygen cations with three bonds (i.e., the simplest form of oxonium).

Synonyms

• (hydrated hydrogen ion): hydronium ion

Hypernyms

• (cation of oxygen): oxonium

Coordinate terms

• hydroxide
• hydrogen ion

Translations

H₃O⁺

• Danish: oxonium
• Finnish: hydronium (fi), hydroksonium (fi)
• Italian: idronio (it) m, idrossonio m
• Japanese: ヒドロニウム (hidoroniumu)
• Spanish: hidronio m

Further reading

• Self-ionization of water on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English hydronium)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhydroˌni.um/, [ˈhydro̞ˌni.um]
• Rhymes: -i.um
• Hyphenation^(key): hydro‧nium

Noun

hydronium

1. (chemistry) hydronium

   Synonym: hydroksonium

Declension

Inflection of hydronium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		hydronium	hydroniumit
genitive		hydroniumin	hydroniumien
partitive		hydroniumia	hydroniumeja
illative		hydroniumiin	hydroniumeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		hydronium	hydroniumit
accusative	nom.	hydronium	hydroniumit
	gen.	hydroniumin
genitive		hydroniumin	hydroniumien
partitive		hydroniumia	hydroniumeja
inessive		hydroniumissa	hydroniumeissa
elative		hydroniumista	hydroniumeista
illative		hydroniumiin	hydroniumeihin
adessive		hydroniumilla	hydroniumeilla
ablative		hydroniumilta	hydroniumeilta
allative		hydroniumille	hydroniumeille
essive		hydroniumina	hydroniumeina
translative		hydroniumiksi	hydroniumeiksi
abessive		hydroniumitta	hydroniumeitta
instructive		—	hydroniumein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of hydronium (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative hydroniumini hydroniumini accusative nom. hydroniumini hydroniumini gen. hydroniumini genitive hydroniumini hydroniumieni partitive hydroniumiani hydroniumejani inessive hydroniumissani hydroniumeissani elative hydroniumistani hydroniumeistani illative hydroniumiini hydroniumeihini adessive hydroniumillani hydroniumeillani ablative hydroniumiltani hydroniumeiltani allative hydroniumilleni hydroniumeilleni essive hydroniuminani hydroniumeinani translative hydroniumikseni hydroniumeikseni abessive hydroniumittani hydroniumeittani instructive — — comitative — hydroniumeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative hydroniumisi hydroniumisi accusative nom. hydroniumisi hydroniumisi gen. hydroniumisi genitive hydroniumisi hydroniumiesi partitive hydroniumiasi hydroniumejasi inessive hydroniumissasi hydroniumeissasi elative hydroniumistasi hydroniumeistasi illative hydroniumiisi hydroniumeihisi adessive hydroniumillasi hydroniumeillasi ablative hydroniumiltasi hydroniumeiltasi allative hydroniumillesi hydroniumeillesi essive hydroniuminasi hydroniumeinasi translative hydroniumiksesi hydroniumeiksesi abessive hydroniumittasi hydroniumeittasi instructive — — comitative — hydroniumeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative hydroniumimme hydroniumimme accusative nom. hydroniumimme hydroniumimme gen. hydroniumimme genitive hydroniumimme hydroniumiemme partitive hydroniumiamme hydroniumejamme inessive hydroniumissamme hydroniumeissamme elative hydroniumistamme hydroniumeistamme illative hydroniumiimme hydroniumeihimme adessive hydroniumillamme hydroniumeillamme ablative hydroniumiltamme hydroniumeiltamme allative hydroniumillemme hydroniumeillemme essive hydroniuminamme hydroniumeinamme translative hydroniumiksemme hydroniumeiksemme abessive hydroniumittamme hydroniumeittamme instructive — — comitative — hydroniumeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative hydroniuminne hydroniuminne accusative nom. hydroniuminne hydroniuminne gen. hydroniuminne genitive hydroniuminne hydroniumienne partitive hydroniumianne hydroniumejanne inessive hydroniumissanne hydroniumeissanne elative hydroniumistanne hydroniumeistanne illative hydroniumiinne hydroniumeihinne adessive hydroniumillanne hydroniumeillanne ablative hydroniumiltanne hydroniumeiltanne allative hydroniumillenne hydroniumeillenne essive hydroniuminanne hydroniumeinanne translative hydroniumiksenne hydroniumeiksenne abessive hydroniumittanne hydroniumeittanne instructive — — comitative — hydroniumeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative hydroniuminsa hydroniuminsa accusative nom. hydroniuminsa hydroniuminsa gen. hydroniuminsa genitive hydroniuminsa hydroniumiensa partitive hydroniumiaan hydroniumiansa hydroniumejaan hydroniumejansa inessive hydroniumissaan hydroniumissansa hydroniumeissaan hydroniumeissansa elative hydroniumistaan hydroniumistansa hydroniumeistaan hydroniumeistansa illative hydroniumiinsa hydroniumeihinsa adessive hydroniumillaan hydroniumillansa hydroniumeillaan hydroniumeillansa ablative hydroniumiltaan hydroniumiltansa hydroniumeiltaan hydroniumeiltansa allative hydroniumilleen hydroniumillensa hydroniumeilleen hydroniumeillensa essive hydroniuminaan hydroniuminansa hydroniumeinaan hydroniumeinansa translative hydroniumikseen hydroniumiksensa hydroniumeikseen hydroniumeiksensa abessive hydroniumittaan hydroniumittansa hydroniumeittaan hydroniumeittansa instructive — — comitative — hydroniumeineen hydroniumeinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• hydroniumioni