hrw

See also: ḫrw, ẖrw, and HRW

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɾwuw/ → /ˈhaʔwuw/ → /ˈhaʔwə/ → /ˈhaʔw/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɾwuw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /haˈɾuww/ (plural)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaʔwuw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /haˈɾuww/ (plural)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaʔwə/ (singular); IPA^(key): /həˈɾuww/ (plural)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈhaʔw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /həˈɾøww/ (plural)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛruː/
  • Conventional anglicization: heru

Noun

 m

1. day (period of daylight)
   • Early 6th Dynasty, Tomb of Nyankhnesut, Relief of Agricultural Scenes (Cleveland 1930.736), lower register, caption above farmer with outstretched arms:

     hrw nfr p(j)

     “It’s a beautiful day!”

   • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 11:

     jt.k grḥ jnt.k hrw

     May you take away the night; may you bring the day.

Inflection

Declension of hrw (masculine u-stem)

singular	hrw hárwuw
dual	hrwwj harúwwaj
plural	hrw harúww

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of hrw  

hrw	hrw	hrw	hr
			[New Kingdom]
abbreviation	abbreviation

Derived terms

• jmj hrw.f
• m ẖrt-hrw
• rw nw prt m hrw
• hrw-ḥꜣb
• ẖrt-hrw

Descendants

• Demotic: hrw
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (ehoou)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hoou)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲁⲟⲩ (haou), ϩⲁⲩ (hau), ϩⲁⲁⲟⲩ (haaou), ϩⲁⲁⲩ (haau), ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hoou)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hoou), ϩⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hooue)
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hooue), ϩⲱⲟⲩⲉ (hōoue)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛruː/
  • Conventional anglicization: heru

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) calm, patient, at peace
2. (intransitive) to be(come) satisfied, at peace, content (+ ḥr: with)
3. (intransitive) to be(come) happy (+ ḥr: about)
4. (intransitive, of words and objects) to be(come) pleasant, pleasing

Inflection

Conjugation of hrw (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: hr, geminated stem: hrr

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural hrt, hrj hrw, hr hrt, hrwt, hryt hr hr, hry ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 hr8, hrr8 ḥr hrt, ḥr hrj m hrt, m hrj r hrt, r hrj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect hr.n consecutive hr.jn terminative hrt, hryt perfective3 hr obligative1 hr.ḫr imperfective hr, hry prospective3 hrw, hr, hry potentialis1 hr.kꜣ subjunctive hr, hry verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect hr.n — — perfective hrw1, hry, hr hr hry, hr imperfective hrr, hrry, hrrw5 hrr, hrrj6, hrry6 hrr, hrrw5 prospective hrw1, hry, hr, hrtj7 hrwtj1 4, hrtj4, hrt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of hrw  

hrw	hrj
	[New Kingdom]

Derived terms

• hrw-jb
• hrrt

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲣⲓ (heri)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲣⲣⲉ (hrre)

References

• “hrw (lemma ID 99060)” and “hru̯ (lemma ID 99050)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 496.6–497.20, 498–500.24
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 159
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 107, 183.